Correction of Multispectral Singlet Oxygen Luminescent Dosimetry (MSOLD) for Tissue Optical Properties in Photofrin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy.

The direct detection of singlet-state oxygen (O) constitutes the holy grail dosimetric method for type-II photodynamic therapy (PDT), a goal that can be quantified using multispectral singlet oxygen near-infrared luminescence dosimetry (MSOLD). The optical properties of tissues, specifically their scattering and absorption coefficients, play a crucial role in determining how the treatment and luminescence light are attenuated. Variations in these properties can significantly impact the spatial distribution of the treatment light and hence the generation of singlet oxygen and the detection of singlet oxygen luminescence signals.

Quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst: Factors affecting outcomes and complications in a large series of cases.

Purpose: Arachnoid cysts constitute approximately 1 % of intracranial mass lesions, with quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts being 5-18 % of those. This study presents a series of 31 cases of quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts, constituting the most extensive series reported to date.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 31 patients diagnosed with quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cysts, focusing on clinical presentation, demographics, treatment approaches, and outcomes.

Preoperative coagulopathy and blood transfusion requirements in children with intraventricular lesions undergoing neurosurgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Pediatric patients undergoing neurosurgery pose risk of perioperative hemorrhage and clotting dysfunction which is increased in tumors with high vascularity, endothelial exposure, and necrosis. Lesions affecting the ventricular system may arise from several etiologies, including rare tumors. The present study aimed to study the preoperative coagulation and transfusion profile of pediatric patients undergoing neurosurgery for intraventricular lesions.

Antimicrobial resistance genes and associated mobile genetic elements in Escherichia coli from human, animal and environment.

The global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to human health. The environment plays an essential role in transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) between human and animal. Bacterial communities harbour diverse ARGs, carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like plasmids and insertion sequences (ISs).

Facial Nerve Preserving Subtotal Excision for Large Vestibular Schwannoma: An Institution-Based Functional Outcome Study.

Background: The ideal goal of treatment for medium to large vestibular schwannoma is complete tumor removal with preservation of all cranial nerves. However, despite the advancements in microsurgery and intraoperative monitoring, the risk of facial nerve dysfunction following total resection varies between 31% and 57%. Currently, the goal of treatment for large tumors is shifting from total excision to facial nerve preservation.

Exploring the genetic architecture of powdery mildew resistance in wheat through QTL meta-analysis.

Powdery mildew (PM), caused by sp. , poses a significant threat to wheat production, necessitating the development of genetically resistant varieties for long-term control. Therefore, exploring genetic architecture of PM in wheat to uncover important genomic regions is an important area of wheat research.

Identification of Novel QTLs/Defense Genes in Spring Wheat Germplasm Panel for Seedling and Adult Plant Resistance to Stem Rust and Their Validation Through KASP Marker Assays.

Stem rust is one of the major diseases threatening wheat production globally. To identify novel resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs), we performed 35K Axiom Array SNP genotyping assays on an association mapping panel of 400 germplasm accessions, including Indian landraces, in conjunction with phenotyping for stem rust at seedling and adult plant stages. Association analyses using three genome wide association study (GWAS) models (CMLM, MLMM, and FarmCPU) revealed 20 reliable QTLs for seedling and adult plant resistance.

Comprehensive meta-QTL analysis for dissecting the genetic architecture of stripe rust resistance in bread wheat.

Background: Yellow or stripe rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an important disease of wheat that threatens wheat production.

Recent advances on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS); prospects for Fusarium head blight research in Durum wheat.

Purpose: Wheat is an important cereal crop that is cultivated in different parts of the world. The biotic stresses are the major concerns in wheat-growing nations and are responsible for production loss globally. The change in climate dynamics makes the pathogen more virulent in foothills and tropical regions.

Quantification of landfill gas emissions and energy production potential in Tirupati Municipal solid waste disposal site by LandGEM mathematical model.

The present key challenges the world is currently facing are the environmental pollution, climate change and energy crisis. The anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide due to burning of fossil fuels for energy production and other greenhouse gas emissions are considered unsustainable, and whole world is having a paradigm shift towards the renewable energy. The one of the major contributor of the greenhouse gases like methane, carbon dioxide are the municipal solid waste landfill sites.

A flexible implantable microelectrode array for recording electrocorticography signals from rodents.

Electrocorticography signals, the intracranial recording of electrical signatures of the brain, are recorded by non-penetrating planar electrode arrays placed on the cortical surface. Flexible electrode arrays minimize the tissue damage upon implantation. This work shows the design and development of a 32-channel flexible microelectrode array to record electrocorticography signals from the rat's brain.

Automated Microsurgical Tool Segmentation and Characterization in Intra-Operative Neurosurgical Videos.

Checklist based routine evaluation of surgical skills in any medical school demands quality time and effort from the supervising expert and is highly influenced by assessor bias. Alternatively, automated video based surgical skill assessment is a simple and viable method to analyse surgical dexterity offline without the need for acute presence of an expert surgeon throughout the surgery. In this paper, a novel approach and results for the automated segmentation of microsurgical instruments from the real-world neurosurgical video dataset was presented.

Indian Wheat Genomics Initiative for Harnessing the Potential of Wheat Germplasm Resources for Breeding Disease-Resistant, Nutrient-Dense, and Climate-Resilient Cultivars.

Wheat is one of the major staple cereal food crops in India. However, most of the wheat-growing areas experience several biotic and abiotic stresses, resulting in poor quality grains and reduced yield. To ensure food security for the growing population in India, there is a compelling need to explore the untapped genetic diversity available in gene banks for the development of stress-resistant/tolerant cultivars.

Topology and Morphology Design of Spherically Reconfigurable Homogeneous Modular Soft Robots.

Imagine a swarm of terrestrial robots that can explore an environment, and, on completion of this task, reconfigure into a spherical ball and roll out. This dimensional change alters the dynamics of locomotion and can assist them in maneuvering variable terrains. The sphere-plane reconfiguration is equivalent to projecting a spherical shell onto a plane, an operation that is not possible without distortions.

Global epidemiology of CTX-M-type β-lactam resistance in human and animal.

CTX-M ESBL are widely found in animal and human infections. For better understanding of CTX-M variations and epidemiology, a total of 2210 CTX-M sequences were retrieved from NCBI as at 20 December 2020. The maximum incidences of CTX-M were reported in China (n = 508), USA (n = 354) and Japan (n = 180).

Electromechanical Characterization of Human Brain Tissues: A Potential Biomarker for Tumor Delineation.

Objective: Accurate identification of surgical margins in brain tumors is of significant prognostic importance. Despite the availability of methods such as 5-ALA and image guidance, recognizing tumor boundary is highly subjective, dependant on recognizing subtle changes in tissue characteristics including texture and color to aid distinction.

Method: Design and development of a semi-automated system integrated with MEMS-based electromechanical sensors to enable an objective and reliable method of distinguishing tumors from normal brain tissue.

Multi-locus genome-wide association studies (ML-GWAS) reveal novel genomic regions associated with seedling and adult plant stage leaf rust resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Leaf rust is one of the important diseases limiting global wheat production and productivity. To identify quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) or genomic regions associated with seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance, multilocus genome-wide association studies (ML-GWAS) were performed on a panel of 400 diverse wheat genotypes using 35 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays and trait data of leaf rust resistance. Association analyses using six multi-locus GWAS models revealed a set of 201 significantly associated QTNs for seedling and 65 QTNs for adult plant resistance (APR), explaining 1.

Microsurgical Tool Detection and Characterization in Intra-operative Neurosurgical Videos.

Brain surgery is complex and has evolved as a separate surgical specialty. Surgical procedures on the brain are performed using dedicated micro-instruments which are designed specifically for the requirements of operating with finesse in a confined space. The usage of these microsurgical tools in an operating environment defines the surgical skill of a surgeon.

Clinical Outcome of Neer Type II Lateral End Clavicle Fractures With Coracoclavicular Ligament Disruption Treated With Pre-Contoured Locking Plate and Endobutton.

Introduction Many surgical techniques have been described for the treatment of Neer type II lateral end clavicle fractures like open reduction and internal fixation with hook plate, tension band wiring, coracoclavicular screw fixation, and distal clavicle locking plate. However, most of these operative procedures are associated with high perioperative complications ranging from hardware prominence, hardware failure, screw and plate pull-out, and infection. As the lateral end clavicle fractures has both vertical and horizontal stress forces, any technique counteracting both the forces should result in a better clinical outcome.

Management of choroid plexus tumours: A comprehensive study from a tertiary hospital.

Objective: Choroid plexus tumours (CPT) are rare intraventricular tumours representing less than 0.5 % of brain tumours. The tumour is commonly located in the supratentorial region, but the location varies depending on the age.

Design of a Device for Lower Limb Prophylaxis and Exercise.

The problem of immobility of legs leading to a potentially life threatening condition including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is well known. The reduced mobility of leg affects a large number of patients in a wide range of clinical scenarios spanning from swelling of the legs to pulmonary embolism. In normal human beings, an elegant system of venous return, both active and passive is responsible for prevention of deep venous thrombosis.

Surgical Management and Outcomes of Aneurysms of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery: Location-Based Approaches with Review of Literature.

 Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is a tortuous, variable, and uncommon site for aneurysms. Surgical management of PICA aneurysms involves careful selection of approach based on the location of the aneurysm and meticulous dissection of the neurovascular structures and perforators.  We did a retrospective review of all the PICA aneurysms operated at our institute in the past 10 years along with the site, presentation, and approach used for the same.

Posterior interosseous nerve entrapment due to bilobed parosteal lipoma.

Entrapment of posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) can be due to fracture dislocation of elbow, fibrous arcade of Frohse, neoplasms (lipoma, schwannoma), ganglion cysts and rheumatoid synovitis. Parosteal lipomas are extremely rare. These tumors grow slowly and as they grow, they can compress a nearby nerve producing sensory and motor disturbances.

Compact Shape Morphing Tensegrity Robots Capable of Locomotion.

Robustness, compactness, and portability of tensegrity robots make them suitable candidates for locomotion on unknown terrains. Despite these advantages, challenges remain relating to ease of fabrication, shape morphing (packing-unpacking), and locomotion capabilities. The paper introduces a design methodology for fabricating tensegrity robots of varying morphologies with modular components.