Piper longum L.: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and health-promoting activities.

Piper longum (family Piperaceae), commonly known as "long-pepper" or "Pippali" grows as a perennial shrub or as an herbaceous vine. It is native to the Indo-Malaya region and widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical world including the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, Middle-East, and America. The fruits are mostly used as culinary spice and preservatives and are also a potent remedy in various traditional medicinal systems against bronchitis, cough, cold, snakebite, and scorpion-sting and are also used as a contraceptive.

Biotechnological interventions and indole alkaloid production in Rauvolfia serpentina.

Rauvolfia serpentina (L). Benth. ex Kurz.