A Morphometric and Radiological Study of Sacral Hiatus in Human Adult Sacra and Its Clinical Relevance in Caudal Epidural Anaesthesia.

The knowledge of sacral hiatus anatomy is crucial in clinical situations requiring caudal epidural block for various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of the lumbosacral spine to avoid complications and failure rate. This study was undertaken to compare morphometric characteristics of sacral hiatus in human dry sacra and pelvic radiographs for placing the needle more accurately in the sacral hiatus landmarks to permit correct, painless, and uncomplicated caudal epidural accesses. The present study was done on 138 human adult dry sacra and 110 anteroposterior lumbosacral spine radiographs of the North Karnataka region of India.

Anatomical Variations of the Suprascapular Notch and its Importance in Suprascapular Entrapment Neuropathy.

Anatomical knowledge about the suprascapular notch is very important in understanding the risk of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. Suprascapular nerve injuries have become commonly recognized as a cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. This study aimed to describe the morphometrical influence of the suprascapular notch on the course of the suprascapular nerve.

Urinalysis findings are not predictive of positive urine culture in patients with indwelling stents.

Introduction: Indwelling stents produce symptoms and urinalysis findings mimicking urinary tract infection (UTI). In this study, we investigated the correlation of urinalysis findings with urine culture in patients with indwelling ureteral stents.

Materials And Methods: All patients with ureteral stents who underwent stent removal in urology clinic from July 2013 to January 2015 and had urine culture available immediately prior to stent removal were included in this study.

Desmoid tumor: an unusual case of gross hematuria.

Desmoid tumors are rare soft-tissue masses originating from the proliferation of fibroblasts in the fibroconnective tissues. Intra-abdominal desmoid tumors pose special diagnostic challenge due to multiplicity of differential diagnoses, and difficulty to well characterize the lesions on imaging studies. Desmoid tumors can have atypical presentation making clinical correlation challenging to unsuspecting urologists.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the bladder: an atypical etiology of gross hematuria.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a rare hematologic disorder with affected patients having complications of frequent infections and possible transformation to a more aggressive malignancy. The occurrence of CLL in the bladder is a rare event, with few reported cases. As a result, its aggressiveness and the optimal course for treatment are unknown.

Infant Deaths - Data Disparity and Use of Ante, Intra and Post-natal Services Utilization: An Experience from Tribal Areas of Gujarat.

Background: Infant death depends upon the care during the infancy and also upon the service utilization during antenatal and intra-natal periods and with its decline, it is necessary to find the under-reporting if any and identify the most appropriate agency for its reporting.

Objectives: (1) To document disparities between different reporting systems about infant deaths and find out the under-reporting if any and identify the most appropriate agency and (2) To identify utilization of health services during ante, intra and post-natal period for all infant deaths.

Materials And Methods: Study was conducted in 51 villages of 3 Primary Health Centers (PHCs) from a tribal dominated Taluka (block) of South Gujarat during September - November 2005.

HIV and STI prevalence and determinants among male migrant workers in India.

Background: Our objective was to estimate for the first time the prevalence and determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among male migrants in India.

Methodology/principal Findings: We conducted a multi-stage stratified probability sample survey of migrant (defined as not born in Surat city) men aged 18 to 49 years working in the diamond and textile industries in Surat city. Behavioural and biological data were collected.

Short (≤ 1 mm) positive surgical margin and risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Unlabelled: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: It has been suggested that a very short positive margin does not confer additional risk of BCR after radical prostatectomy. This study shows that even very short PSM is associated with increased risk of BCR.

Objective: To re-evaluate, in a larger cohort with longer follow-up, our previously reported finding that a positive surgical margin (PSM) ≤ 1 mm may not confer an additional risk for biochemical recurrence (BCR) compared with a negative surgical margin (NSM).

Study of socio-demographic factors affecting prevalence of hypertension among bank employees of Surat City.

Cardiovascular diseases including hypertension are increasing in developing countries especially among high-risk group people like bank employees. A cross-sectional study of 1493 bank employees of Surat city was conducted during August, 2004 to September, 2005 to study the prevalence of hypertension among bank employees and the effects of socio-demographic factors on prevalence of hypertension. Data were analyzed using epi 6 software.

Spectrum of visual impairment among urban female school students of Surat.

Aim: Eye morbidities with or without symptoms delineate a significant morbidity among adolescent schoolgirls in India. The study was undertaken to assess the extent of visual impairment and ocular morbidity to identify influencing factors and the impact on scholastic performance.

Materials And Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was undertaken among 3002 urban girl students of Surat in Gujarat, India.

Knowledge and practices related to sexually transmitted infections and HIV among sex workers in an urban area of Gujarat, India.

This study is a part of STD prevalence study done in Gujarat amongst sex workers (SWs) of urban red light area during the year 2000. In the clinic specially set up in their area, after an informed consent from the participants, knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) questionnaire schedule was administered to 125 SWs; 2/3rds of them were below the age of 30 years, 81.5% had never gone to school and 76.

Robotic radical prostatectomy for elderly patients: probability of achieving continence and potency 1 year after surgery.

Purpose: We assessed the probability of achieving continence and potency after robotic radical prostatectomy in elderly patients.

Materials And Methods: The cohort included 1,436 robotic radical prostatectomy cases performed at our institution between 2003 and 2008. Continence (pad-free) and potency (erection sufficient for intercourse) at baseline and 1 year after surgery were evaluated by the UCLA-PCI questionnaire.

Assessment of immunization status in the slums of surat by 15 clusters multi indicators cluster survey technique.

Research Question: What is the immunization status of children in the slums of Surat and what changes has it undergone in recent times?

Objective: To assess the immunization status of children between the ages of 12 and 23 months in the slums of Surat and to compare it with the MICS from previous years.

Study Design: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in 15 clusters.

Settings: 15 urban slums selected out of a total of 299 slums using the cluster sampling method.

RTI/STI prevalence among urban and rural women of Surat: A community-based study.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of RTI/STI among women in urban and rural areas of Surat and analyze the influence of socioeconomic, socio-demographic and other determinants possibly related to RTI/STI.

Method: A community-based cross-sectional study. Women aged 15-49 years (n = 102) were interviewed and underwent a gynecological examination.

Prevalence of obesity among children and/or grandchildren of adult bariatric surgery patients.

Background: Clinical experience suggests that some adults who undergo bariatric surgery have children who are obese. Childhood obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in later life. This study examined the prevalence of obesity among children and grandchildren (< or =12 years of age) of adult bariatric surgery patients.

Sexually transmitted infections and reproductive tract infections in female sex workers.

The present study was conducted in 300 female sex workers (FSWs) from Surat city in 2005-2006. Vaginal swabs, endocervical swabs and serum samples were collected from each of these FSWs. Vaginal samples were screened for bacterial vaginosis (BV), candidiasis and Trichomonas vaginalis .

A case control study to explore the risk factors for acquisition of leptospirosis in Surat city, after flood.

Background: Between August and November 2006, a population-based case control study was conducted to identify the probable risk factors for leptospirosis during flooding in Surat city.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-two laboratory confirmed cases out of 129 suspected cases, and 253 age and sex matched fever and healthy controls were interviewed with the help of predesigned questionnaire. The association of risk factors with acquiring leptospirosis was assessed by adjusted OR with the help of logistic regression model to control confounders.

Domestic environment and morbidity of under five children.

Healthy environment for children initiating an alliance for action (WHO) has reported that over 40% of the global burden of disease attributed to environmental risk factors fall on children below 5 years of age, who account for about 10% of the world's population. That is why to look into the new area of concern, this cross sectional study was carried out to explore the influence of domestic environment over the illness of under five children.

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in and around Surat.

Trichomonas culture method was used for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis along with gram staining and wet mount preparation. We selected 51 urban women and 51 rural women in this study. Samples were taken from both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals.

Effect of physical and mental activity on blood pressure.

Objectives: The authors measured and recorded the physical (outdoor playing) and mental (home study) activity behavior and blood pressure amongst school going children and observed their association with the blood pressure levels.

Method: It was a cross sectional school-based study from 12 primary schools; selected by stratified random sampling. Participants included 2250 children aged 10 years and above.

Impact assessment of mass measles vaccination.

Objective: The mass measles vaccination campaign was conducted in the slums of Surat City, in Gujarat State, as a part of urban measles control initiative in India. One dose each of the vaccine was administered to children in the age range of 9-59 months residing in these slums, regardless of their previous vaccination status.

Methods: One year later, (October 2000), the present study was carried out in order to assess the impact of the mass vaccination campaign on the vaccination coverage and on the incidence of measles by comparing the findings with those of the baseline survey carried out in May 98.

Evaluation of Desensol As a Standard Patch Test Kit.

In a study undertaken to find out the usefulness of 'Desensol' patch test kit to detect contact allergens, in 200 cases revealed 24 cases with negative patch test with all the antigens and 55 cases reacted to even the Vaseline control. -Excluding these 79 cases, the common contact allergens were potassium bichr6ma,te, (40.49%), TMTD(28.