Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: Phytochemistry, structure-activity relationship, and anticancer potential.

Background: Ayurveda is a highly recognized, well-documented, and well-accepted traditional medicine system. This system utilizes many natural products in various forms for therapeutic purposes. Thousands of plants mentioned in the Ayurvedic system are useful in disease mitigation and health preservation.

Structural characterization of Himalayan black rock salt by SEM, XRD and in-vitro antioxidant activity.

Salt is an essential component of daily life that balances the physiological functions of the human body as well as other living systems. Different varieties of salts are available in the global market. Out of many salt varieties, Himalayan rock salts have gained tremendous importance among consumers due to its diverse nutritional and medicinal properties.

Emerging strategies for enhancing the homing of hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow after transplantation.

Bone marrow failure is the primary cause of death after nuclear accidents or intentional exposure to high or low doses of ionizing radiation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the most potent treatment procedure for patients suffering from several hematopoietic malignancies arising after radiation injuries. Successful hematopoietic recovery after transplantation depends on efficient homing and subsequent engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells in specific niches within the bone marrow.

Pluronic-F127/Platelet Microvesicles nanocomplex delivers stem cells in high doses to the bone marrow and confers post-irradiation survival.

Platelet microvesicles (pMVs) are submicron-sized heterogeneous vesicles released upon activation and contain several membrane receptors and proteins (CD41, CD61, CD62, CXCR4, PAR-1, etc.). We have revealed their ability to adhere to the triblock copolymer pluronic-F127 (PF127) and form a platelet microvesicular nanocloud which has the potential to enhance the transvascular migration of hematopoietic stem cells across the sinusoidal endothelium to the bone marrow.

Cell encapsulation potential of chitosan-alginate electrostatic complex in preventing natural killer and CD8 cell-mediated cytotoxicity: an in vitro experimental study.

Natural killer and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are involved in the rapid clearance of cells which express foreign antigens. Hence, these cells are crucial elements of the vertebrate immune system. However, these benefits turn problematic when they cause transplant rejection through their direct cytotoxic effects on donor organs/cells, which is attributed to the human leukocyte antigen disparity.

Pharmaceutical Compounds in Drinking Water.

Pharmaceutical products and their wastes play a major role in the degradation of environment. These drugs have positive as well as negative consequences on different environmental components including biota in different ways. Many types of pharmaceutical substances have been detected with significant concentrations through various advanced instrumental techniques in surface water, subsurface water, ground water, domestic waste water, municipal waste water and industrial effluents.

Sodium nitroprusside and L-arginine attenuates ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced oxidative renal injury in rats.

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in acute renal failure (ARF) is debatable. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acute administration of NO donor, Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), L-Arginine (L-Arg) and NO synthase inhibitor, N(omega)-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in Fe-NTA induced renal toxicity. Rats were pretreated with SNP (2.

Antioxidants in the prevention of renal disease.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the pathophysiological processes of renal diseases. The cellular damage is mediated by an alteration in the antioxidant status, which increases the concentration of ROS in the stationary state (oxidative stress). Oxidative stress mediates a wide range of renal impairments, from acute renal failure, rhabdomyolysis, obstructive nephropathy, hyperlipidemia, and glomerular damage to chronic renal failure and hemodialysis.

Protective effect of resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rat kidney.

Rhabdomyolysis-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF) accounts for about 10% to 40% of all cases of ARF. Reactive oxygen intermediates have been demonstrated to play an etiologic role in myoglobinuric renal failure. This study was designed to investigate the effect of resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin in glycerol-induced ARF in rats.

Role of nitric oxide in resveratrol-induced renal protective effects of ischemic preconditioning.

Background: Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant and polyphenol found in red wine and grapes, has been found to pharmacologically precondition the heart through upregulation of nitric oxide (NO). This study was designed to explore the involvement of NO in the renoprotective effect of resveratrol in renal ischemic preconditioning in rat kidney.

Methods: Ischemic preconditioning was induced by three cycles 2-minutes of ischemia followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion before 45 minutes of prolonged ischemia.

Possible role of nitric oxide in the protective effect of resveratrol in 5/6th nephrectomized rats.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the modulation of glomerular disease. The renal protective effect of resveratrol (RVT), a polyphenolic phytoalexin, was investigated in the 5/6th nephrectomized rats.

Materials And Methods: Resveratrol (5 mg/kg, PO) was administered for 12 weeks to 5/6th nephrectomized (NX) rats together with and without nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 mg/kg, IP).

Protective effect of nitric oxide pathway in resveratrol renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from L-arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), seems to play an ambiguous role during tissue ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study was designed to investigate the effects of resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, in renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) injury in rats.

Methods: Forty-eight rats were randomized into six groups.

Nifedipine attenuates changes in nitric oxide levels, renal oxidative stress, and nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine.

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent and effective immunosuppressive agent, but its action is frequently accompanied by severe renal toxicity. The causes for the nephrotoxicity of CsA have not been fully elucidated. Intrarenal vasoconstriction induced by several different mediators, both in humans and experimental animals, have been proposed.

Renal protective effect of molsidomine and L-arginine in ischemia-reperfusion induced injury in rats.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from L-arginine by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS) seems to play an ambiguous role during tissue ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study was designed to investigate the effects of molsidomine, a NO donor and L-arginine in I/R induced renal failure in rats

Methods: The protective effect of molsidomine and L-arginine against the damage inflicted by I/R was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. In one set of experiments animals were unilaterally nephrectomized, and subjected to 45 min of left renal pedicle occlusion and in another set both the renal pedicles were occluded for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion.

Protective effect of catechin on ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury in rats.

There is increasing evidence to suggest that toxic oxygen radicals play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the kidney. This study was designed to investigate the effects of catechin, a bioflavonoid, in I/R-induced renal failure in rats. The protective effect of catechin against the damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during renal I/R was investigated in Sprague Dawley rats using histopathological and biochemical parameters.

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin protects against cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity through nitric oxide dependent mechanism.

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent and effective immunosuppressive agent, but its use is frequently accompanied by severe renal toxicity. The causes for the nephrotoxicity of CsA have not been fully elucidated. Intrarenal vasoconstriction induced by several different mediators, both in humans and experimental animals have been proposed.

Molsidomine, a nitric oxide donor and L-arginine protects against rhabdomyolysis-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure.

Rhabdomyolysis-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure accounts for about 10-40% of all cases of acute renal failure (ARF). Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF). This study was designed to investigate the effect of molsidomine and L-arginine in glycerol induced ARF in rats.

Effect of molsidomine and L-arginine in cyclosporine nephrotoxicity: role of nitric oxide.

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent and effective immunosuppressive agent, but its action is frequently accompanied by severe renal toxicity. To determine if the renal alterations are mediated directly by cyclosporine or by secondary homodynamic alterations induced by cyclosporine, we evaluated if L-arginine and a nitric oxide donor, molsidomine could prevent these alterations. Eight groups of rats were employed in this study, group 1 served as control, group 2 rats were treated with CsA (20 mg/kg, s.

Cyclosporine protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat kidneys.

Renal ischemia followed by reperfusion leads to acute renal failure in both native kidneys and renal allografts. Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation. In the present study, the effect of CsA on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury in the kidney was investigated.

The effect of quercetin, a bioflavonoid on ischemia/reperfusion induced renal injury in rats.

There is increasing evidence to suggest that toxic oxygen radicals play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the kidney. This study was designed to investigate the effects of quercetin (Qr), a bioflavonoid in ischemia-reperfusion induced renal failure in rats. The effect of quercetin against the damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during renal I/R was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats using histopathological and biochemical parameters.

Carvedilol attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative renal injury in rats.

There is increasing evidence to suggest that toxic oxygen radicals play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the kidney. This study was designed to investigate the effects of carvedilol (CVD), an antihypertensive drug in I/R-induced renal failure in rats. The protective effect of CVD against the damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during renal I/R was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats using histopathological and biochemical parameters.

Amelioration of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity by irbesartan, A selective AT1 receptor antagonist.

Cyclosporine A (CsA), a fungal undecapeptide, is the most common immunosuppressive drug used in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. However, nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect of CsA use. The molecular mechanisms of CsA nephrotoxicity are not well characterized, but more recent studies suggest an involvement of angiotensin II (ANG II) and reactive oxygen species in the development of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.

Reversal of experimental myoglobinuric acute renal failure in rats by quercetin, a bioflavonoid.

The occurrence of acute renal failure (ARF) following rhabdomyolysis has been put at between 10 and 40% of cases, and accounts for between 3 and 15% of all cases of ARF. Reactive oxygen intermediates have been demonstrated to play an etiological role in myoglobinuric renal failure. This study was performed to explore the protective effect of quercetin, a bioflavonoid, in an experimental model of myoglobinuric ARF in rats.

Protective effect of naringin, a bioflavonoid on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rat kidney.

Rhabdomyolysis-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure accounts for about 10-40% of all cases of acute renal failure (ARF). Reactive oxygen intermediates have been demonstrated to play an etiological role in myoglobinuric renal failure. This study was designed to investigate the effect of naringin, a bioflavonoid with antioxidant potential, in glycerol-induced ARF in rats.

Protective effect of naringin, a bioflavonoid on ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced oxidative renal damage in rat kidney.

An iron chelate, ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), induces acute proximal tubular necrosis as a consequence of lipid peroxidation and oxidative tissue damage that eventually leads to high incidence of renal adenocarcinomas in rodents. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Naringin, a bioflavonoid with anti-oxidant potential, on Fe-NTA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. One hour after a single intra-peritoneal (i.