Investigation on integro-differential equations with fractional boundary conditions by Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo derivative.

We establish, the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a class of Atangana-Baleanu (AB) derivative-based nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations with fractional boundary conditions by using special type of operators over general Banach and Hilbert spaces with bounded approximation numbers. The Leray-Schauder alternative theorem guarantees the existence solution and the Banach contraction principle is used to derive uniqueness solutions. Furthermore, we present an implicit numerical scheme based on the trapezoidal method for obtaining the numerical approximation to the solution.

Warming lowers critical thresholds for multiple stressor-induced shifts between aquatic primary producers.

In aquatic ecosystems, excessive nutrient loading is a global problem that can induce regime shifts from macrophyte- to phytoplankton-dominated states with severe consequences for ecosystem functions. Most agricultural landscapes are sites of nutrient and pesticide loading, which can interact with other stressors (e.g.

Disentangling the direct and indirect effects of agricultural runoff on freshwater ecosystems subject to global warming: A microcosm study.

Aquatic ecosystems are exposed to multiple stressors such as agricultural run-off (ARO) and climate-change related increase of temperature. We aimed to determine how ARO and the frequency of its input can affect shallow lake ecosystems through direct and indirect effects on primary producers and primary consumers, and whether warming can mitigate or reinforce the impact of ARO. We performed a set of microcosm experiments simulating ARO using a cocktail of three organic pesticides (terbuthylazine, tebuconazole, pirimicarb), copper and nitrate.

Transfer and Ecotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems: A Microcosm Study.

With the advancement in nanotechnology, particularly the use of TiO nanoparticles (NPs), there is a need to study their release into the environment and assess the related risk in an environmentally relevant contamination scenario. In the present study, the transfer and toxicity of TiO NPs in microcosms mimicking terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems were evaluated. The contaminated soil was prepared by spiking natural soils, with these then used as the basis for all exposure systems including preparation of soil leachates for amphibian exposure.