Wide-field imaging with smartphone based fundus camera: grading of severity of diabetic retinopathy and locating peripheral lesions in diabetic retinopathy.

Aim: To assess the performance of smartphone based wide-field retinal imaging (WFI) versus ultra-wide-field imaging (UWFI) for assessment of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) as well as locating predominantly peripheral lesions (PPL) of DR.

Methods: Individuals with type 2 diabetes with varying grades of DR underwent nonmydriatic UWFI with Daytona Plus camera followed by mydriatic WFI with smartphone-based Vistaro camera at a tertiary care diabetes centre in South India in 2021-22. Grading of DR as well as identification of PPL (DR lesions beyond the posterior pole) in the retinal images of both cameras was performed by senior retina specialists.

Tele-Ophthalmology Versus Face-to-Face Retinal Consultation for Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetes Care Centers in India: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

To evaluate the effectiveness of tele-ophthalmology (TO) versus face-to-face screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetes care centers (DCC) across India. This is an observational, multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study of DR screening in individuals with diabetes performed across 35 branches of a chain of DCC in 20 cities in India over 1 year. In 30 DCC, DR screening was performed by TO, where retinal images obtained using Fundus on Phone camera were uploaded through the telemedicine network for centralized DR grading by eight retina specialists.

Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events From Retinal, Clinical, and Genomic Data in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population Cohort Study.

Objective: Improved identification of individuals with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular (CV) risk could help in selection of newer CV risk-reducing therapies. The aim of this study was to determine whether retinal vascular parameters, derived from retinal screening photographs, alone and in combination with a genome-wide polygenic risk score for coronary heart disease (CHD PRS) would have independent prognostic value over traditional CV risk assessment in patients without prior CV disease.

Research Design And Methods: Patients in the Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS) study were linked to retinal photographs, prescriptions, and outcomes.

Various models for diabetic retinopathy screening that can be applied to India.

The increased burden of diabetes in India has resulted in an increase in the complications of diabetes including sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (DR). Visual impairment and blindness due to DR can be prevented by early detection and management of sight-threatening DR. Life-long evaluation by repetitive retinal screening of people with diabetes is an essential strategy as DR has an asymptomatic presentation.

A review of machine learning methods for retinal blood vessel segmentation and artery/vein classification.

The eye affords a unique opportunity to inspect a rich part of the human microvasculature non-invasively via retinal imaging. Retinal blood vessel segmentation and classification are prime steps for the diagnosis and risk assessment of microvascular and systemic diseases. A high volume of techniques based on deep learning have been published in recent years.

Review of retinal cameras for global coverage of diabetic retinopathy screening.

The global burden of diabetes has resulted in an increase in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes. Lifelong repetitive screening for DR is essential for early detection and timely management to prevent visual impairment due to the silent sight-threatening disorder. Colour fundus photography (CFP) is helpful for documentation of the retinopathy as well as for counselling the patient.

Accuracy of the smartphone-based nonmydriatic retinal camera in the detection of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of smartphone-based nonmydriatic (NM) retinal camera in the detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening DR (STDR) in a tertiary eye care facility.

Methods: Patients with diabetes underwent retinal photography with a smartphone-based NM fundus camera before mydriasis and standard 7-field fundus photography with a desktop mydriatic fundus camera after mydriasis. DR was graded using the international clinical classification of diabetic retinopathy system by two retinal expert ophthalmologists masked to each other and to the patient's identity.

Does tight control of systemic factors help in the management of diabetic retinopathy?

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of preventable blindness, is associated with many systemic factors that contribute to the development and progression of this microvascular complication of diabetes. While the duration of diabetes is the major risk factor for the development of DR, the main modifiable systemic risk factors for development and progression of DR are hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. This review article looks at the evidence that control of these systemic factors has significant benefits in delaying the onset and progression of DR.

Validation of Smartphone Based Retinal Photography for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening.

Aim: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of "fundus on phone' (FOP) camera, a smartphone based retinal imaging system, as a screening tool for diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection and DR severity in comparison with 7-standard field digital retinal photography.

Design: Single-site, prospective, comparative, instrument validation study.

Methods: 301 patients (602 eyes) with type 2 diabetes underwent standard seven-field digital fundus photography with both Carl Zeiss fundus camera and indigenous FOP at a tertiary care diabetes centre in South India.

Comparison Among Methods of Retinopathy Assessment (CAMRA) Study: Smartphone, Nonmydriatic, and Mydriatic Photography.

Purpose: We compared smartphone fundus photography, nonmydriatic fundus photography, and 7-field mydriatic fundus photography for their abilities to detect and grade diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Design: This was a prospective, comparative study of 3 photography modalities.

Participants: Diabetic patients (n = 300) were recruited at the ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary diabetes care center in Chennai, India.

Tele-diabetology to Screen for Diabetes and Associated Complications in Rural India: The Chunampet Rural Diabetes Prevention Project Model.

Diabetes, with its acute and long-term complications, has become a major health hazard in developing countries. An estimated 62.4 million people in India have diabetes.

Teleophthalmology: a model for eye care delivery in rural and underserved areas of India.

Objectives. To describe the application of teleophthalmology in rural and underserved areas of India. Study Design.