Enhanced diabetic retinopathy detection using U-shaped network and capsule network-driven deep learning.

Glaucoma, a severe eye disease leading to irreversible vision loss if untreated, remains a significant challenge in healthcare due to the complexity of its detection. Traditional methods rely on clinical examinations of fundus images, assessing features like optic cup and disc sizes, rim thickness, and other ocular deformities. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have introduced new opportunities for enhancing glaucoma detection.

Control of visible-range transmission and reflection haze by varying pattern size, shape and depth in flexible metasurfaces.

Cost-effective soft imprint lithography technique is used to prepare flexible thin polymeric surfaces containing a periodic arrangement of nanodimples and nanobumps of sub-micron size. Using a single master mold of self-assembled colloidal crystal, metasurfaces with different depths and heights of patterns with a fixed pitch are possible, which makes the process inexpensive and simple. These metasurfaces are studied for their diffuse and total transmission and reflection spectra in the visible range.

Ayurvedic management of dengue haemorrhagic fever with menorrhagia: A case report.

Dengue fever is one of the most common tropical disease affecting humans. Symptomatic dengue infection causes a wide range of clinical manifestations from mild dengue fever to potentially fatal disease such as DHF or DSS. Menorrhagia is rarely presented as a symptom in females with DHF.

Survey data on bullying involvement among school-going adolescents in India.

The data was collected from 169 school-going adolescents of grades sixth to twelfth from two cities in South India. The data set contains information of the frequency and type of bullying involvement (perpetration and victimization; physical, verbal, and social) among the participants in traditional and virtual classrooms. The data set can be used by all stakeholders to identify the frequency and types of bullying involvement among Indian adolescents.

Superfast Synthesis of Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous (Garlic) Extract and Isoniazid Hydrazide Conjugates: Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Characterizations.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was synthesized from fresh garlic extract coupled with isoniazid hydrazide (INH), a commonly used antibiotic to treat tuberculosis. A molecular docking study conducted with the selected compounds compared with anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase (trpD) from . The aqueous extract of garlic was prepared and mixed with silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution for the superfast synthesis of stable AgNPs.

Colorism and employment bias in India: an experimental study in stratification economics.

In this paper, we examine whether the prevalence of colorism in India can be linked to discrimination in hiring for people with darker skin shades. Colorism or preference for lighter skin tones has a long history primarily linked to colonialism in parts of Asia and Africa. More recently, this preference for lighter skin has become amplified by growing and global whitening product industries dominated by multinational corporations.

Human Hair Keratin Composite Scaffold: Characterisation and Biocompatibility Study on NIH 3T3 Fibroblast Cells.

The aim of this study was to transform human hair keratin waste into a scaffold for soft tissue engineering to heal wounds. The keratin was extracted using the Shindai method. Keratin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was cross-linked with alginate dialdehyde and converted into a scaffold by the freeze-drying method using gentamycin sulphate (GS) as a model drug.

Temporal coherence study of four-wave mixing products with and without the laser cavity effect.

In this work, we have studied the temporal coherence property of a four-wave mixing (FWM)-assisted continuous-wave erbium-doped fiber ring laser source. To understand the temporal coherence characteristics of FWM, we have analyzed the visibility of their interference pattern with the help of a Mach-Zehnder-based fiber interferometer. The visibility of FWM sidebands is compared with respect to the input pumps, with and without the cavity effect.

Temporal coherence of a low-power erbium-doped fiber laser with spectrally broadened output.

The temporal coherence of spectrally selected output from a CW broadband erbium-doped fiber ring laser (EDFRL) based on four wave mixing is characterized using a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The visibility is found to be comparable to that of a standard narrow-linewidth tunable laser when their spectral widths are matched using an intracavity filter in EDFRL. But its visibility is distinctly higher than two other broadband sources (superluminescent diode and amplified spontaneous source) even when their spectral widths are matched, establishing that the cavity effect aids the coherence in EDFRL by mitigating the phase noise from four wave mixing.

Ecological risk assessment of trace metal accumulation in sediments of Veraval Harbor, Gujarat, Arabian Sea.

In this study, different types of indices were used to assess the ecological risk of trace metal contamination in sediments on the basis of sediment quality guidelines at Veraval Fishery Harbor. Sediment samples were collected from three sectors in pre-, post-, and monsoon seasons in 2006. Trace metal concentrations were higher in the inner sector during post-monsoon, and it showed the highest statistical significance (p<0.

Low-threshold lasing in photonic-crystal heterostructures.

We study a photonic crystal (PhC) heterostructure cavity consisting of gain medium in a three-dimensional (3D) PhC sandwiched between two identical passive multilayers. For this structure, based on Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method, we observe a decrease in the lasing threshold of two orders of magnitude, as compared with a stand-alone 3D PhC. We attribute this remarkable decrease in threshold gain to the overlap of the defect cavity mode with the reduced group velocity region of the PhC's dispersion, and the associated enhancement in the distributed feedback from the ordered layers of the PhC.

Low-threshold lasing in active opal photonic crystals.

We theoretically study a low-threshold band-edge lasing in three-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs) with a face-centered cubic lattice structure, using a complex-valued permittivity approach combined with the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. We show that the lasing threshold at the low-frequency band edge is smaller than that at the high-frequency band edge for the first-order stop band of the PhC. We also analyze the impact of the number of the PhC's layers on the frequency of band-edge lasing and the lasing threshold near the first-order stop band in the ΓL direction, and demonstrate a broad tunability of the lasing frequency with change in the emission collection angle.

Investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of leaves of Dalbergia paniculata (Roxb).

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of orally administered methanolic leaf extract of Dalbergia paniculata (D. paniculata) in Carrageenan induced inflammation in rats.

Methods: In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated for superoxide radical, Hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical scavenging activity.

Sequestration of camptothecin, an anticancer alkaloid, by chrysomelid beetles.

Camptothecin (CPT), a monoterpene indole alkaloid, is a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic toposiomerase-I. Several derivatives of CPT are in clinical use against ovarian and lung cancers. CPT has been reported from several plant species belonging to the order Asterids, with the highest concentration in Nothapodytes nimmoniana (family Icacinaceae).

In vitro and In vivo characterization of the transdermal delivery of sertraline hydrochloride Films.

Background And The Purpose Of The Study: Sertraline hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor principally used in the treatment of major depressive disorder. To maintain the therapeutic plasma drug concentration of the drug for prolonged period, the transdermal drug delivery has been chosen as an alternative route of drug delivery. The pharmacokinetic properties of sertraline hydrochloride make it suitable for transdermal delivery.

Multiple Bragg diffraction in polymeric photonic crystals.

A systematic study of the angle-resolved photonic stop band of three-dimensionally (3D) ordered polymeric photonic crystals fabricated using a colloidal self-assembling method is presented. The first-order photonic stop band shows a single peak in reflection and shifts toward shorter wavelengths for larger angles of incidence. Beyond an angle of incidence of 45 degrees , a new peak arises in the reflection spectrum due to the coupling of the incident light into other directions of the fcc Brillouin zone.

Study of Brillouin amplifier characteristics toward optimized conditions for slow light generation.

The gain and noise characteristics of a fiber Brillouin amplifier are studied experimentally and analyzed using a dispersion shifted fiber. Based on these measurements, the optimal conditions of gain and on-off ratio are identified for slow light generation.

Broadband output from an actively mode-locked fiber ring laser.

Nonlinear effects are invoked with the inclusion of a dispersion shifted fiber in the cavity of an actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring laser. The spectrally broadened output is analyzed both in the time and the spectral domains for different lengths of this specialty fiber. A maximum spectral width of 52 nm is achieved at a pump power of 180 mW under optimized conditions in this configuration.

Photoluminescence and energy transfer studies of Dy(3+)-doped fluorophosphate glasses.

Dy(3+)-doped fluorophosphate glasses with composition (in mol%) (56-x/2)P(2)O(5)+17K(2)O+(15-x/2)BaO+8Al(2)O(3) + 4AlF(3)+ xDy(2)O(3), x=0.01, 0.05, 0.

Genetics of deafness in India.

Linkage analysis in families with hereditary hearing loss have revealed a plethora of chromosomal locations linked to deafness reflecting the extreme heterogeneity of the disorder. 40 of the genes contained within these loci have been mapped lending an insight into the diverse molecules operating in the inner ear and the remarkable complexity of the cellular and molecular processes involved in the transucdation of sound in the auditory system. Among this diversity, Connexin 26 has been found to be the most common cause of deafness the world around.

Screening of families with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment (ARNSHI) for mutations in GJB2 gene: Indian scenario.

Several studies have reported that mutations in the GJB2 gene (coding for connexin26) are a common cause of recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment. A GJB2 mutant allele, 35delG, has been found to have a high prevalence in most ethnic groups. Though mutations in the GJB2 gene have been shown to cause autosomal recessive deafness in Indian families, the frequencies of the various mutations are still unknown.

Characterisation of nuclear pore complex oxalate binding protein from human kidney.

Both rat and human kidney nuclei exhibited time and pH dependent oxalate or histone-oxalate uptake which was inhibited by anion transport inhibitor, 4,4'-dithiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid. Sodium chloride had no effect. Nuclear membrane had oxalate binding at pH 7.