Understanding the treatment paradigm and the sequencing of antiglaucoma fixed-dose combinations in a tertiary center in South India.

Purpose: To analyze the medical management of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) and the placement of fixed-drug combination drugs (FDC) in the treatment paradigm at a tertiary eye care center in South India.

Methods: Retrospective study (January 2011-December 2015) of newly diagnosed POAG and OHT patients (≥18 years) with ≥5 years follow-up. Primary outcome included percentage use of different antiglaucoma drugs (at initiation) and FDCs at the first, second, and third progression (sequencing).

Effect of beta blockers on optical coherence tomography angiography in normal, suspect, and glaucomatous eyes: A prospective study.

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the effect of hypertension, and use of systemic beta blockers (BB) and other antihypertensives on ocular perfusion by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in normal, suspect, and glaucomatous eyes.

Methods: Cross-sectional study in tertiary eye care center. Prospectively recruited consenting subjects between 18 and 90 years with or without glaucoma.

Examination under anesthesia: Preferred Practice.

Pediatric ocular examinations are often a challenge in the outpatient setting due to limited cooperation of the child. Hence an evaluation under anesthesia (EUA) or sedation is important for a holistic ophthalmic examination. It can be combined with short procedures, such as suture removal and corneal scrappings, both for diagnosis and for the management of several ophthalmic disorders.

Copper, Lysyl Oxidase Activity, and Collagen in Aqueous Humour of Primary Glaucoma: An Association with Clinical Parameters.

Introduction: To measure copper (Cu), lysyl oxidase (LOX) activity, and collagen levels in aqueous humour (AH) of primary glaucoma patients and correlate with clinical parameters.

Methods: 120 patients with 40 each of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), and cataract controls were recruited in this case-control study. AH samples were collected during the trabeculectomy and cataract surgeries.

Comparison of conjunctiva-related complications between scleral and corneal patch grafts in Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation.

Purpose: Comparison of the conjunctiva related complication rates and success rates among eyes with Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in which eye bank derived scleral and corneal patch grafts had been used to cover the tube.

Methods: Retrospective comparative study. Patients who underwent AGV implantation between January 2000 to December 2016 were included.

Dual-Color Emission from Spatially Distributed Quantum Dots in Poly(l-lactide) Films with Diverse Morphologies.

Polymer-based multicolor emissive materials have growing demand due to their potential applications in various fields such as full-color displays, bioimaging, and light sources because of their processability and high stability. Herein, we report dual-color emissive hybrid materials based on biocompatible poly(l-lactide) and polyethylene glycol-modified two-dimensional layered double hydroxide quantum dots (PEG-LDHQDs). The morphology of polymer films tunes the spatial distribution of QDs within the polymer matrix, modulating the energy transfer between the QDs and affording the dual emission behavior in the aggregated states.

Effective refractive error coverage in adults aged 50 years and older: estimates from population-based surveys in 61 countries.

Background: In 2021, WHO Member States endorsed a global target of a 40-percentage-point increase in effective refractive error coverage (eREC; with a 6/12 visual acuity threshold) by 2030. This study models global and regional estimates of eREC as a baseline for the WHO initiative.

Methods: The Vision Loss Expert Group analysed data from 565 448 participants of 169 population-based eye surveys conducted since 2000 to calculate eREC (met need/[met need + undermet need + unmet need]).

Outcomes of medical and surgical management in eyes with idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure.

Purpose: Idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure (IEEVP) is a rare cause of secondary glaucoma and is a diagnosis of exclusion. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and analyze the outcomes of medical and surgical management in eyes diagnosed with idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of eyes diagnosed with IEEVP over a 5-year period between April 2012 and March 2016 was performed.

Anti-glaucoma medications lowered decorin and altered profibrotic proteins in human tenon's fibroblasts.

Long term exposure to anti-glaucoma medications (AGMs) leads to an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in primary glaucoma patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of topical AGMs in primary human tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) and analyze the expression of profibrotic and anti-fibrotic proteins. Primary HTFs were cultured from patients undergoing cataract (control) and trabeculectomy.

Increased Desmosine in the lens capsules is associated with augmented elastin turnover in Pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) is an idiopathic disease with a high prevalence rate. The elastosis disorder is contributed by genetic and non-genetic factors. Elastin dysregulation associated with the disease mechanism is incompletely understood.

Association of metformin use among diabetics and the incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma - The Chennai Eye Disease Incidence Study.

Purpose: Studies have reported the usage of metformin being associated with the reduced risk of progression of glaucoma. The current study aims to determine the association of metformin usage among subjects with diabetes mellitus and the six-year incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, subjects who did not have glaucoma at the baseline and had a follow-up after a six-year interval were included.

Blindness in glaucoma: primary open-angle glaucoma versus primary angle-closure glaucoma-a meta-analysis.

Aim: To estimate the risk of blindness with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) compared to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in those population-based studies that reported blindness rates for both PACG and POAG.

Method: A systematic search was performed in PubMed for articles published in English between 2000 and 2020 reporting the prevalence of POAG as well as PACG among various ethnic populations. A study was included if it was (1) population-based (2) had published prevalence and blindness rates for both PACG and POAG in the same cohort.

Long Anterior Zonules and Angle Closure Disease.

Prcis: Angle closure disease was present in 59.3% of eyes with long anterior zonules (LAZ). The cause is multifactorial including a thick anteriorly positioned crystalline lens, shorter axial length, and increased lens thickness to axial length factor.

Neovascular glaucoma - A review.

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a sight-threatening secondary glaucoma characterized by appearance of new vessels over the iris and proliferation of fibrovascular tissue in the anterior chamber angle. Retinal ischemia is the common driving factor and common causes are central retinal vein occlusion, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and ocular ischemic syndrome. The current rise in the prevalence of NVG is partly related to increase in people with diabetes.

Tube Obstruction of a Nonvalved Glaucoma Drainage Device by a Dislocated Soemmering's Ring.

The authors report a case of tube obstruction of a nonvalved glaucoma drainage device (Aurolab aqueous drainage implant; AADI) with a dislocated Soemmering's ring (SR) leading to a postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) spike after an initial IOP reduction. A 24-year-old man with bilateral aphakia, bilateral secondary glaucoma developed corneal decompensation in the left eye. The IOP in the left eye was 22 mm Hg with 3 topical IOP-lowering medications (timolol 0.

Outcome of repeat trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in isolation or combined with phacoemulsification.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of repeat trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C (MMC) in isolation or combined with phacoemulsification, and to identify risk factors for failure over 1 year.

Methods: Retrospective review of 113 eyes of 113 patients (49 primary open angle, 27 primary angle closure, 37 secondary glaucoma) who underwent repeat trabeculectomy with MMC (isolated trabeculectomy 75 and phacotrabeculectomy 38). The primary outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP) at 1 year follow-up.

Phacoemulsification in eyes with long anterior zonules.

Purpose: To study the safety of phacoemulsification in eyes with long anterior zonules (LAZs).

Setting: Institute.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Nanophthalmos in children: morphometric and clinical characterization.

Purpose: To report clinical and morphometric characteristics of children with nanophthalmos and to identify possible risk factors associated with occludable angles.

Methods: The medical records of children (<18 years of age) with nanophthalmos examined from January 2016 to December 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and examination details, including cycloplegic refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), gonioscopy, and fundus examination, were extracted for analysis.

INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE OUTCOMES AFTER SURGERY FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT IN SCHWARTZ SYNDROME.

Purpose: To study intraocular pressure (IOP) outcomes after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Schwartz syndrome.

Methods: We reviewed records of 32 eyes of 32 patients with Schwartz syndrome (patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, IOP above 21 mmHg, and open angles without angle recession, chronic steroid use or other secondary causes of increased IOP) who had undergone surgical treatment consisting of scleral buckling or vitrectomy. Intraocular pressure, number of medication, best-corrected visual acuity were compared at baseline and postsurgery visits and also studied association of various factors on long-term IOP.

Lowered Decorin With Aberrant Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Aqueous Humor and Tenon's Tissue From Primary Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the inflammatory cytokine, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling genes, profibrotic and antifibrotic molecules in patients undergoing glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). Additionally, the effect of preoperative antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) and postoperative bleb status were related to these parameters.

Methods: Tenon's tissue and aqueous humour (AH) were collected from 207 patients undergoing GFS with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (n = 77), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) (n = 62), and cataract controls (n = 68).

Intraocular Pressure in the Eyes of Patients With Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas: Profile, Intereye Asymmetry, and Treatment Outcomes.

Precis: Secondary ocular hypertension (OHT) is common in carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs). Management of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is possible with a multidisciplinary approach. The ipsilateral normal eyes may have higher IOP than the contralateral eyes.

Combination of Simple Diagnostic Tests to Detect Primary Angle Closure Disease in a Resource-constrained Region.

: To report on diagnostic accuracy of van Herick (vH) technique performed by a vision technician (VT) as well as on efficacy of a combination of vH technique and central anterior chamber depth (ACD) in detection of primary angle closure disease.: Data was obtained from two cohorts; rural clinic setting (n = 111), and rural population-based research setting (n = 888). Van Herick grading was performed by a VT in first cohort and a glaucoma specialist in second cohort.