Unveiling the Burden of Sickle Cell Anemia: A Pilot Study Validating Dried Blood Spots for Newborn Screening.

This hospital-based cross-sectional study aimed to screen newborns for sickle cell anemia immediately after birth and validate dried blood spot (DBS) samples against conventional venous blood samples (CBS) for hemoglobin variant analysis by HPLC. Among 751 newborns, 2.93% were found to have sickle cell trait.

Evaluation of USP22 and Ki-67 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study.

Background And Aim: USP22 is a positive regulator in tumor growth, its depletion leads to cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. USP22 over expression was positively correlated with proteins involved in proliferation and negatively correlated with tumor suppressor protein tumor supprn. Ki-67 expression is associated with USP22 over expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and also in cervical and prostate cancers.

Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Hospitalizations in the Medium-Endemic Region in Central India.

Background: We estimated the incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) following routine immunization with the live-attenuated SA 14-14-2 JE vaccine.

Methods: We implemented enhanced surveillance of AES and JE hospitalizations in endemic districts in Maharashtra and Telangana States during 2015-2016 and 2018-2020. We estimated incidence and compared differences in the incidence of JE and AES between two states, and vaccinated and unvaccinated districts during two study periods.

Effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis vaccination among children in central India.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) disease among children continues in central India despite vaccination implemented in the routine immunization program. Therefore, we planned to estimate the JE vaccination effectiveness among children by undertaking a 1:2 individually-matched population-based case-control study from August 2018 to October 2020. The laboratory-confirmed JE cases aged 1-15 years were enrolled along with neighborhood controls without fever and encephalitis matched on the residence area, age and sex.

Neonatal Joubert Syndrome With Renal Involvement and Respiratory Distress.

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with characteristic clinical presentation of hyperpnea-apnea spells, hypotonia, dysmorphic facies, and nystagmus and imaging features of molar tooth sign and cerebellar vermian hypoplasia-dysplasia. Early diagnosis is needed for timely management and favorable outcome. We present a case of neonatal JS with renal involvement presenting with respiratory distress and highlight the characteristic clinical and imaging findings.

Infectious causes of acute encephalitis syndrome hospitalizations in Central India, 2018-20.

Background: We enhanced surveillance of hospitalizations of all ages for acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) along with infectious aetiologies, including the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).

Methods: From October 2018 to September 2020, we screened neurological patients for AES in all age groups in Maharashtra and Telangana States. AES cases were enrolled at study hospitals along with other referrals and sampled with cerebrospinal fluid, acute and convalescent sera.

Childhood encephalitis hospitalizations associated with virus agents in medium-endemic states in India.

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of childhood acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in India. We enhanced the AES surveillance in sentinel hospitals to determine trends and virus etiologies in central India.

Methods: The neurological hospitalizations among children ≤15 years were tracked by using the AES case definition implemented by the national program.

Collagen during odontogenesis and in ameloblastoma: A polarizing microscopic study.

Background: Odontogenesis is a highly coordinated and complex process which depends on cell-cell interactions that result in initiation and generation of tooth. Tissue remnants of developing tooth can form odontogenic tumors possibly, reflecting different developmental stages in tooth formation. In both odontogenesis and odontogenic tumors, stroma plays a prominent role in maintaining epithelial tissues with continuous molecular interactions.

Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP) Recommended Immunization Schedule (2018-19) and Update on Immunization for Children Aged 0 Through 18 Years.

Justification: There is a need to revise/review recommendations regarding existing vaccines in view of current developments in vaccinology.

Process: Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP) of Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) reviewed the new evidence, had two meetings, and representatives of few vaccine manufacturers also presented their data. The recommendations were finalized unanimously.

Cytological grading: An alternative to histological grading in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Micronuclei (MN) in oral exfoliative cells have been shown to indicate a disparaging change in genetic information of the cell. Recent studies showed correlation between the frequency of MN and severity of this damage. Grading of lesions can be used to determine the austerity of this damage.

Evaluation of cytomorphometric changes in tobacco users and diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma individuals.

Aims: To determine the cellular and nuclear area of keratinocytes in smears obtained from the oral mucosa of tobacco users, those with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and from normal healthy persons and resolve if any significant difference exists in these three groups.

Materials And Methods: The study group comprised 100 subjects 20 controls, (40 OSCC patients-20 from lesional sites and 20 from nonlesional sites, 20 tobacco smokers and 20 tobacco chewers) in the age group of 25-75 years. Oral mucosal smears obtained by using a cytobrush were stained with Papanicolaou (PAP) stain and using 20X objective in trinocular Olympus model BX53 with Jenoptik scientific grade-dedicated microphotographic camera images were taken.

Rare case report of Traumatic neuroma of anterior superior alveolar nerve associated with high frenal attachment.

We present an incredible case of traumatic neuroma (TN) in the anterior superior alveolar nerve leading to the swelling in the upper labial mucosa. This paper attempts to highlight the rarity of site of occurrence of this lesion and reports the first case of TN of anterior superior alveolar nerve.

A qualitative and quantitative analysis of AgNORs in keratocystic odontogenic tumor, unicystic ameloblastoma and multicystic ameloblastoma.

Aims: A comparative evaluation of proliferation activity in unicystic ameloblastoma (UA), multicystic ameloblastoma (MA) and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) using silver staining technique.

Settings And Design: In the present study 21 histopathologically confirmed paraffin blocks,7 each of UA, MA and KCOT were selected and stained with silver nitrate.

Materials And Methods: For quantitative analysis, 100 cells were counted at 1000x magnification for AgNORs and the mean value was calculated.

Efficacy of 1.5% dish washing solution and 95% lemon water in substituting perilous xylene as a deparaffinizing agent for routine h and e staining procedure: a short study.

Aim. To assess the efficacy of dish washing solution and diluted lemon water in deparaffinizing sections during conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining technique. Objective.

Mucormycosis: an atrocious mate of patients with diabetes.

Mucormycosis also called zygomycosis is a rare infection caused by saprophytic aerobic fungus that belongs to a group of fungi called Mucoromycotina in the order Mucorales. Earlier these fungi were called Zygomycota but this scientific name has recently been changed. Mucormycosis can result in an acute, rapidly advancing and occasionally fatal disease caused by different fungi typically found in the soil and in association with decaying organic matter such as leaves, compost piles or rotten wood.