Dietary Patterns and Hypothyroidism in U.S. Adult Population.

The thyroid gland produces hormones that are essential for various body functions. Hypothyroidism is defined as insufficient thyroid hormone production. Several studies have found associations between specific micronutrients and overall thyroid function; however, the amount of evidence regarding the relationship between dietary patterns and hypothyroidism among the U.

Sarcopenia and Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.

COVID-19 can manifest as either asymptomatic or progressing to a severe phase in some patients, which may require hospitalization. These patients may experience dyspnea and hypoxia, leading to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Studies have reported an increased risk of severe sarcopenia in COVID-19 patients during and after recovery.

Impact of metformin treatment on cobalamin status in persons with type 2 diabetes.

Over the last decades, low vitamin B12 status has been reported in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin, the first-line therapy for lowering blood glucose, is the main driving factor behind this association. Although the relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin is well established, results of studies on the exact effect of the dose and duration of the therapy remain inconsistent.

Intended and Unintended Benefits of Folic Acid Fortification-A Narrative Review.

Inadequate folate intake during pregnancy is the leading cause of the development of neural tube defects (NTDs) in newborns. For this reason, mandatory fortification of folic acid, a synthetic, easily bioavailable form, in processed cereals and cereal products has been implemented in the US since 1 January 1998 to reduce the risk of NTD in newborn children. This report aimed to review the literature related to the impact of mandated folic acid fortification on the intended and unintended benefits to health.

Vitamin D, Gut Microbiota, and Cardiometabolic Diseases-A Possible Three-Way Axis.

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a precursor for several cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency links to cardiometabolic diseases through microbiota. A combination of poor vitamin D status and dysbiosis may contribute to the progression of cardiometabolic diseases.

Hypovitaminosis D and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women.

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a precursor for several cardiometabolic diseases. The prevalence of MetSyn is higher in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. The role of vitamin D in postmenopausal women is not clearly understood.

Intravenous Ascorbic Acid and Lung Function in Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients.

Current evidence suggests that ascorbic acid improves the host's immune system and, therefore, may play a role in reducing the severity of infectious diseases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially life-threatening viral infection that mainly infects the lungs. The objective of this review was to synthesize the existing findings from studies related to the effect of intravenous ascorbic acid on lung function in COVID-19 patients.

Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration with Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women in the US.

The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and breast cancer in postmenopausal women in the United States using nationally representative sample surveys. We used the data from seven cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2001 to 2014.

Association between food intake patterns and serum vitamin D concentrations in US adults.

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between food patterns and serum vitamin D concentrations in US adults. Data from two cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2003-2004 and 2005-2006, were used ( 6637). Three major food patterns were derived using factor analysis.

The Impact of Mineral Supplementation on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy that is common among women of reproductive age. It is a heterogeneous disorder with an unknown etiology. Different strategies have been proposed for the treatment of PCOS.

Temporal Relation between Double Fortification of Wheat Flour with Iron and Folic Acid, and Markers and Prevalence of Anemia in Children.

Fortification of wheat flour with iron and folic acid became mandatory in Ivory Coast in 2007. The purpose of this study was to determine the time trend relation between mandatory double fortification of wheat flour with iron and folic acid and markers and prevalence of anemia by comparing the data between pre- and post-fortification periods in Ivory Coast children. Data were derived from the pediatric unit of the University Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

Fast food and sweet intake pattern is directly associated with the prevalence of asthma in a Qatari population.

Objective: The relationship between dietary patterns and the prevalence of asthma is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and asthma in adults in Qatar.

Methods: In this study, cross-sectional data from the Qatar Biobank were used (n = 986).

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are inversely associated with body adiposity measurements but the association with bone mass is non-linear in postmenopausal women.

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to increased adiposity and decreased bone density. It is not known if vitamin D is linked to adiposity measures and bone mass in postmenopausal Qatar women. We investigated an association between serum vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitmain D (25(OH)D)] and adiposity measurements in postmenopausal women using Qatar Biobank data (n = 935).

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Inversely Associated with Monocyte Percentage to HDL Cholesterol Ratio among Young Healthy Adults in Qatar.

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is linked to an altered lipid profile. Monocytes play an important role in inflammation and lipid metabolism. Recently, monocyte percentage to HDL-cholesterol ratio (MHR) has emerged as a novel marker of inflammation.

Visceral adiposity index is a better predictor of type 2 diabetes than body mass index in Qatari population.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased recently in Qatar. Body mass index (BMI) is a predictor of T2D in many populations. However, BMI is based on height and weight measurements and not on body adiposity.

Author Correction: Serum vitamin D is associated with improved lung function markers but not with prevalence of asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Serum vitamin D is associated with improved lung function markers but not with prevalence of asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.

Hypovitaminosis D has been linked to several non-bone diseases. Relation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and lung function and lung diseases has received little attention at the global level. Cross-sectional data from three National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012 were used to investigate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and lung function makers [forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)] and lung diseases (asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis) with multivariate regression models (n = 11,983; men, 6,010; women, 5,973).

Dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease risk among Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study.

Background And Objective: We aimed to examine the prospective association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Chinese adults.

Methods: Adults aged ≥20 years in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (open cohort) were followed between 1991 and 2011. Participants may enter the cohort at any wave.

Serum Magnesium and Cognitive Function Among Qatari Adults.

: Previous studies found that low blood magnesium increases the risk of several diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, and hypertension. These ailments are associated with declined cognitive function. : We aimed to examine the association between serum magnesium and cognitive function among Qatari adults.

Serum Vitamin D Concentration ≥75 nmol/L Is Related to Decreased Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes; and Increased Cardiorespiratory Fitness in US Adults.

A serum vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D] concentration of ≥75 nmol/L is recommended for optimal health. We investigated the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in US adults using clinical cut points recommended by health organizations. Data from USA's National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used.

Validation of Vitamin D-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire against Food Records for Qatari Women.

The measurement of vitamin D nutritional status through dietary assessment is cost effective. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is usually validated against food records (FR). There is no vitamin D-specific FFQ for Qatar population.

Supervised practice program guided by the Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics standards improves potential employability of nutrition/dietetics graduates: perspective of employers and preceptors.

Background: This study investigated employers' perspectives on the impact of a supervised practice program (SPP), guided by international accreditation standards on the skill development and potential employability of dietetics students.

Main Body: This study was based on qualitative research. Fifteen potential employers, who also served as SPP preceptors, participated in this study.

Serum vitamin D concentrations are inversely related to prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Qatari women.

Hypovitaminosis D has reached epidemic proportions in Qatar. Vitamin D is linked to several cardiometabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), diabetes, and atherosclerosis. It is not known if vitamin D status is linked to cardiometabolic risk factors in Qatari women.

Association of serum vitamin D concentrations with dietary patterns in children and adolescents.

Background: Because children have been advised on the dangers of sun exposure, diet is an important contributor of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. Aim of this study was to determine whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with any specific dietary patterns in US children.

Methods: Data from 2 cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 for individuals aged 2 to ≤19 y, were used to study relation between dietary patterns and serum 25(OH)D.

Population Reference Values for Serum Methylmalonic Acid Concentrations and Its Relationship with Age, Sex, Race-Ethnicity, Supplement Use, Kidney Function and Serum Vitamin B12 in the Post-Folic Acid Fortification Period.

Serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) is elevated in vitamin B-12 deficiency and in kidney dysfunction. Population reference values for serum MMA concentrations in post-folic acid fortification period are lacking. Aims of this study were to report the population reference values for serum MMA and to evaluate the relation between serum MMA and sex, age, race-ethnicity, kidney dysfunction and vitamin B-12.