Self-Transcendence as a Risk and Resilience Factor in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.

Aim: Self-transcendence is a personality feature and psychological resource that involves feelings of connectedness with the universe, all of humanity, and the individual self. Self-transcendence has been positively associated with both positive psychotic symptoms and clinical high risk for developing psychosis status, but studies reporting these findings focus solely on the connectedness-with-universe aspect of self-transcendence. The broader self-transcendence literature, which also includes connection with humanity and oneself, robustly supports self-transcendence as an indicator of well-being.

The Negative Symptom Inventory-Psychosis Risk (NSI-PR): Psychometric Validation of the Final 11-Item Version.

Background And Hypotheses: The lack of psychometrically validated assessment tools designed specifically to assess negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis represents a significant barrier to the early identification and prevention of psychosis. To address this need, the Negative Symptom Inventory-Psychosis Risk (NSI-PR) was developed based on the iterative, data-driven approach recommended by the National Institute of Mental Health consensus conference on negative symptoms.

Study Design: This manuscript reports the results of the second study phase that psychometrically validates the final 11-item version of the scale in data collected across 3 sites.

Motor actions across psychiatric disorders: A research domain criteria (RDoC) perspective.

The motor system is critical for understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of mental illness. Abnormalities in the processes that allow us to plan and execute movement in a goal-directed, context-appropriate manner (i.e.

Managing clinical heterogeneity in psychopathology: Perspectives from brain research.

Clinical heterogeneity is a significant factor to contend with when seeking to organize, understand, and treat psychopathology. In recent years, the field has prioritized efforts to minimize nonmeaningful heterogeneity and leverage meaningful heterogeneity to improve assessment and diagnostics, inform mechanistic understanding, and facilitate the development of novel treatments. Indeed, exciting developments such as the National Institute for Mental Health Research Domain Criteria and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology have provided powerful frameworks for facing clinical complexity.

Depressive symptoms during the transition to adolescence: Left hippocampal volume as a marker of social context sensitivity.

The transition to adolescence is a critical period for mental health development. Socio-experiential environments play an important role in the emergence of depressive symptoms with some adolescents showing more sensitivity to social contexts than others. Drawing on recent developmental neuroscience advances, we examined whether hippocampal volume amplifies social context effects in the transition to adolescence.

Reduced hippocampal volume unmasks distinct impacts of cumulative adverse childhood events (ACEs) on psychotic-like experiences in late childhood and early adolescence.

Stress is associated with increased vulnerability to psychosis, yet the mechanisms that contribute to these effects are poorly understood. Substantial literature has linked reduced hippocampal volume to both psychosis risk and early life stress. However, less work has explored the direct and indirect effects of stress on psychosis through the hippocampus in preclinical samples- when vulnerability for psychosis is accumulating.

Understanding the Psychosis Spectrum Using a Hierarchical Model of Social Cognition.

Background And Hypothesis: Social cognitive impairments are central to psychosis, including lower severity psychosis-like experiences (PLEs). Nonetheless, progress has been hindered by social cognition's poorly defined factor structure, as well as limited work examining the specificity of social cognitive impairment to psychosis. The present study examined how PLEs relate to social cognition in the context of other psychopathology dimensions, using a hierarchical factors approach to social cognition.

Disrupted coherence between autonomic activation and emotional expression in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Landmark studies have shown decreased coherence between different emotion response systems (e.g., physiology and facial expressions) in people with psychosis.

Emotional tone in clinical high risk for psychosis: novel insights from a natural language analysis approach.

Background: Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis experience subtle emotional disturbances that are traditionally difficult to assess, but natural language processing (NLP) methods may provide novel insight into these symptoms. We predicted that CHR individuals would express more negative emotionality and less emotional language when compared to controls. We also examined associations with symptomatology.

Developmental changes in the endorsement of psychotic-like experiences from middle childhood through young adulthood.

Background: Children tend to endorse psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) at higher rates than adults, although little is known about how specific symptom endorsement changes across the span of development. Here we take an observational approach to examine trends in PLE endorsement by age in two non-clinical samples: one of school-aged children and another of late adolescents and early adults.

Methods: Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (child and adult versions) responses were investigated in individuals ages 9-13 (n = 11865) and 16-24 (n = 3209) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (ABCD) and the Multisite Assessment of Psychosis-risk Study (MAP), respectively.

The Complex Latent Structure of Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms: Hierarchical and Bifactor Models of SIPS Symptoms Replicated in Two Large Samples at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.

Background And Hypothesis: The Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS) and other assessments of psychosis risk define clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) by the presence of attenuated psychotic symptoms. Despite extensive research on attenuated psychotic symptoms, substantial questions remain about their internal psychometric structure and relationships to comorbid non-psychotic symptoms.

Study Design: Hierarchical and bifactor models were developed for the SIPS in a large CHR sample (NAPLS-3, N = 787) and confirmed through preregistered replication in an independent sample (NAPLS-2, N = 1043).

A Developmental Perspective on Early and Current Motor Abnormalities and Psychotic-Like Symptoms.

Background And Hypothesis: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are prevalent in the general population and, because they represent a lower end of the psychosis vulnerability spectrum, may be useful in informing mechanistic understanding. Although it is well-understood that motor signs characterize formal psychotic disorders, the developmental trajectory of these features and their relationships with PLEs are less well-understood.

Study Design: Data from 7559 adolescents and young adults (age 11-21) in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort were used to investigate whether early-life milestone-attainment delays relate to current adolescent sensorimotor functioning and positive and negative PLEs.

Longitudinal Trajectories of Premorbid Social and Academic Adjustment in Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Implications for Conversion.

Background And Hypothesis: Social and academic adjustment deteriorate in the years preceding a psychotic disorder diagnosis. Analyses of premorbid adjustment have recently been extended into the clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) syndrome to identify risk factors and developmental pathways toward psychotic disorders. Work so far has been at the between-person level, which has constrained analyses of premorbid adjustment, clinical covariates, and conversion to psychosis.

Factors impacting intent to seek treatment within youth at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Existing work indicates that there is unmet need for care in those at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. However, research on the factors that drive treatment seeking behaviors in this population is limited. Further, it is unknown how help-seeking behavior in CHR individuals compares to those seen in mood disorders, who have a higher rate of treatment seeking behavior.

Mapping Psychosis Risk States onto the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Using Hierarchical Symptom Dimensions.

Clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) is a transdiagnostic risk state. However, it is unclear how risk states such as CHR fit within broad transdiagnostic models such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). In this study, a hierarchical dimensional symptom structure was defined by unfolding factor analysis of self-report data from 3,460 young adults (=20.

The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology in clinical high risk for psychosis: Validation and extension.

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium's transdiagnostic dimensional model of psychopathology has considerable support; however, this model has been underresearched in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), a population that may advance the model. CHR-P individuals not only have attenuated psychotic symptoms that vary in severity, but also have many comorbid diagnoses and varied clinical outcomes, including disorders with uncertain relations to HiTOP (e.g.

Identity recognition from faces and bodies in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Deficits in facial identity recognition and its association with poor social functioning are well documented in schizophrenia, but none of these studies have assessed the role of the body in these processes. Recent research in healthy populations shows that the body is also an important source of information in identity recognition, and the current study aimed to thoroughly examine identity recognition from both faces and bodies in schizophrenia. Sixty-five individuals with schizophrenia and forty-nine healthy controls completed three conditions of an identity matching task in which they attempted to match unidentified persons in unedited photos of faces and bodies, edited photos showing faces only, or edited photos showing bodies only.

Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia (AMP® SCZ): Rationale and Study Design of the Largest Global Prospective Cohort Study of Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.

This article describes the rationale, aims, and methodology of the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia (AMP® SCZ). This is the largest international collaboration to date that will develop algorithms to predict trajectories and outcomes of individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and to advance the development and use of novel pharmacological interventions for CHR individuals. We present a description of the participating research networks and the data processing analysis and coordination center, their processes for data harmonization across 43 sites from 13 participating countries (recruitment across North America, Australia, Europe, Asia, and South America), data flow and quality assessment processes, data analyses, and the transfer of data to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Data Archive (NDA) for use by the research community.

The impact of menarche on hippocampal mechanisms of severity of psychotic-like experiences in the ABCD study.

Accumulating evidence suggests that estrogens play an important modulatory role in the pathogenesis of psychosis. Estrogens come online within a dynamic developmental context of emerging psychopathology and neurodevelopment. As a result, estradiol (the primary form of estrogen) may influence psychosis lability directly or indirectly through its neurodevelopmental influence on estrogens-sensitive areas like the hippocampus.

Longitudinal study of peer victimization, social support, and mental health during early adolescence.

Background: Peer victimization predicts the development of mental health symptoms in the transition to adolescence, but it is unclear whether and how parents and school environments can buffer this link.

Methods: We analyzed two-year longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, involving a diverse sample of 11 844 children across the United States (average at baseline = 9.91 years; standard deviation = 0.

Physical and mental health in adolescence: novel insights from a transdiagnostic examination of FitBit data in the ABCD study.

Adolescence is among the most vulnerable period for the emergence of serious mental illnesses. Addressing this vulnerability has generated interest in identifying markers of risk for symptoms and opportunities for early intervention. Physical fitness has been linked to psychopathology and may be a useful risk marker and target for early intervention.

The neural signature of psychomotor disturbance in depression.

Up to 70% of patients with major depressive disorder present with psychomotor disturbance (PmD), but at the present time understanding of its pathophysiology is limited. In this study, we capitalized on a large sample of patients to examine the neural correlates of PmD in depression. This study included 820 healthy participants and 699 patients with remitted (n = 402) or current (n = 297) depression.