Superior orbital rim grinding as a novel surgical technique to approach superior and posterior orbital tumors.

Purpose: To describe a novel surgical technique aimed to approach those orbital lesions located superior and posterior to the equator of the globe.

Methods: We describe a novel surgical technique that was performed in four patients to approach intraorbital tumors superiorly and posteriorly located. This technique was completed through an upper eyelid skin crease followed by grinding the superior orbital rim to achieve complete removal of the lesions.

Temporal stability and directional change in a color cline of a marine snail from NW Spain.

The evolution and maintenance of color clines is a classic topic of research in evolutionary ecology. However, studies analyzing the temporal dynamics of such clines are much less frequent, due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable data about past color distributions along environmental gradients. In this article, we describe a case of decades-long temporal stability and directional change in a color cline of the marine snail along the coastal inlet of the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain).

A comparative investigation of integral- and separable-dimension stimulus-sorting behavior.

Studies focusing on unsupervised categorization and sorting behavior have traditionally identified and empirically isolated a few select strategies frequently employed by observers, one-dimensional (SD), family resemblance (FR), and exclusive-or (XOR). To date, these investigations have mostly involved creating sets of multidimensional stimuli that directly contrast utilization of these strategies coupled with task or stimulus property manipulations to see their effects on categorization and sorting behavior. Currently, we extend on this methodological approach by having observers sort integral-dimension stimuli for two recently developed constrained unsupervised categorization tasks employing three-dimensional Boolean category structures.

Classification of three-dimensional integral stimuli: Accounting for a replication and extension of Nosofsky and Palmeri (1996) with a dual discrimination invariance model.

The quest for determining the degree of learning difficulty associated with different types of categories has been instrumental in our understanding of human categorization behavior and, more broadly, human generalization. For instance, we now know that the topological nature of the dimensions (e.g.

Physiological stress responses to nonmimetic model brood parasite eggs: Leukocyte profiles and heat-shock protein Hsp70 levels.

Obligate avian brood parasites lay their eggs in the nest of other bird species, known as hosts. Brood parasitism often imposes severe fitness costs on hosts, selecting for the evolution of effective antiparasitic defences, such as recognition and rejection of brood parasite eggs. Glucocorticoids have been recently found to mediate host physiological and behavioral adjustments in response to brood parasite eggs; however, it remains unclear whether brood parasitism triggers a general response involving multiple physiological elements.

Renal Papillary Necrosis Following Mesenteric Artery Stenting.

A 62-year-old man presented with left flank pain and hematuria four days after undergoing mesenteric artery balloon angioplasty and stent placement. Imaging revealed left renal infarction with associated papillary necrosis and a thrombus in the left collecting system causing acute renal obstruction. Complete obstruction was confirmed using MAG3 Renal Scan with Lasix.

Context, structure, and informativeness judgments: An extensive empirical investigation.

We explored the nature of human informativeness judgments: namely, people's judgments about the quantity of information that object stimuli convey about the category of objects to which they belong. Informativeness judgments play a key role in everyday decision-making situations involving the selection of items from groups that best represent the "group as a whole." They also provide insight into the nature of prototype formation.

The relationship between topical anti-glaucoma medications and the development of lacrimal drainage system obstruction.

Purpose: To evaluate whether any topical anti-glaucoma medications increase the risk of lacrimal drainage system obstruction or whether the presence of preservatives alone is sufficient to generate obstruction.

Methods: This nested case-control study compared a group of patients with lacrimal duct obstruction who received topical anti-glaucoma medications to a control group of patients without obstruction.

Results: The medical records of 255 patients with glaucoma who consulted the Oculoplastic Section with complaints of watery eyes were reviewed.

Triamcinolone for the Treatment of Graves Ophthalmopathy Tested With Short Tau Inversion Recovery Magnetic Resonance.

Purpose: To evaluate if parabulbar triamcinolone reduces orbital swelling in patients with Graves ophthalmopathy.

Methods: This is a prospective study of a series of patients with active and moderate Graves ophthalmopathy. Short tau inversion recovery magnetic resonance was used to evaluate the intensity of the extraocular rectus muscles and orbital fat, before and after the treatment with parabulbar triamcinolone.

Classification errors and response times over multiple distributed sessions as a function of category structure.

Learning difficulty orderings for categorical stimuli have long provided an empirical foundation for concept learning and categorization research. The conventional approach seeks to determine learning difficulty orderings in terms of mean classification accuracy. However, it is relatively rare that the stability of such orderings is tested over a period of extended learning.

A case report of a primary apocrine adenocarcinoma of the eyelid with literature review.

Introduction: Primary Apocrine adenocarcinomas (PAA) are very infrequent tumors that are often confused initially with benign lesions. Little is known about this disease and there is still much to be clarified. We present a case of PAA on the eyelid successfully treated with surgery alone and a literature review regarding what is currently described about this disease.

On the learning difficulty of visual and auditory modal concepts: Evidence for a single processing system.

The logic operators (e.g., "and," "or," "if, then") play a fundamental role in concept formation, syntactic construction, semantic expression, and deductive reasoning.

Evaluation of Carotid Ultrasonography Screening Among Kidney Transplant Candidates: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study.

Background: Kidney transplant candidates undergo rigorous testing prior to clearance for transplantation. Because kidney transplant candidates may be at increased risk for carotid artery stenosis because of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis secondary to hypertension, vascular calcification, and diabetes, carotid ultrasound is often performed with the intent of preventing a cerebrovascular accident in the perioperative or posttransplant period. To our knowledge, there has not been a study investigating the utility of screening carotid ultrasonography in pretransplant candidates.

Constructing and Deconstructing Concepts.

Several empirical investigations have explored whether observers prefer to sort sets of multidimensional stimuli into groups by employing one-dimensional or family-resemblance strategies. Although one-dimensional sorting strategies have been the prevalent finding for these unsupervised classification paradigms, several researchers have provided evidence that the choice of strategy may depend on the particular demands of the task. To account for this disparity, we propose that observers extract relational patterns from stimulus sets that facilitate the development of optimal classification strategies for relegating category membership.

Surviving Sepsis Puerto Rico: A Call For Action.

There are 1.7 million sepsis-related hospitalizations each year making it the sixth most common cause for hospitalization in the United States. Not only are this hospitalizations common, they are expensive to our medical system with $15.

A millimetric ruler for Lester Jones tube placement in conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy.

Purpose: To describe the use of a ruler to increase the accuracy and customization of Lester Jones tube placement.

Materials And Methods: This was a review of 92 patients who underwent minimally invasive conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy using this instrument.

Results: The success rate was 100%, with an average operating time of 15 minutes.

Horizontal diplopia following upper blepharoplasty.

Diplopia is an infrequent complication after blepharoplasty. Most of the cases are in its vertical form due to trauma of the extraocular muscles. In this article, we present a case of horizontal diplopia following cosmetic upper blepharoplasty; we review the literature on this unexpected complication and offer some recommendations to avoid it.

Categorization behaviour in adults, adolescents, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder adolescents: A comparative investigation.

Although significant progress has been made with respect to our understanding of categorization and concept learning behaviour in adults, much less is known about how this key capacity plays out with respect to more restrictive populations. This is unfortunate because much may be revealed about the nature of concept learning by examining the limits exhibited by special populations. With this tenet in mind, in what follows, we investigated key aspects of concept learning in terms of the unexplored comparative performance of three populations-adults, adolescents, and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Delleman (oculocerebrocutaneous) syndrome: case report.

Delleman syndrome is an unusual entity, characterized by ocular cysts or microphthalmia, focal dermal anomalies and cerebral malformations. In the following article, we carry out a review of the disease and we present the case of a patient with microphthalmos and palpebral coloboma. As we could not put orbital expanders at an early stage, we performed reconstructive surgery.

The GIST of concepts.

A unified general theory of human concept learning based on the idea that humans detect invariance patterns in categorical stimuli as a necessary precursor to concept formation is proposed and tested. In GIST (generalized invariance structure theory) invariants are detected via a perturbation mechanism of dimension suppression referred to as dimensional binding. Structural information acquired by this process is stored as a compound memory trace termed an ideotype.

Removal of periocular eyelid veins by ambulatory phlebectomy with a regular crochet hook.

Purpose: To report the authors' experience using a regular crochet hook for removing blue periocular eyelid veins.

Methods: This article describes a new surgical procedure. Twenty-one procedures were performed in 15 patients who underwent removal of blue periocular lower eyelid veins with the implementation of a regular crochet hook.

How to reason without words: inference as categorization.

The idea that reasoning is a singular accomplishment of the human species has an ancient pedigree. Yet this idea remains as controversial as it is ancient. Those who would deny reasoning to nonhuman animals typically hold a language-based conception of inference which places it beyond the reach of languageless creatures.

Convergence of two types of familial short stature in a pedigree.

This study reports an unusual family with coexistence of isolated growth hormone deficiency transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait (Rimoin Type II) and constitutional short stature.