Influence of COVID-19-Related Restrictions on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obese Czech Children.

Apart from influencing the health of the worldwide population, the COVID-19 pandemic changed the day-to-day life of all, including children. A sedentary lifestyle along with the transformation of eating and sleep habits took place in the child population. These changes created a highly obesogenic environment.

Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in 7-year-old children-WHO Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative.

Childhood obesity is a serious global health problem. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) reflect body fat distribution in children. The objectives of this study were to assess WC and WHtR in 7-year-old children and to determine body mass index (BMI), WC, and WHtR differences in children from 10 selected countries across Europe (Bulgaria, Czechia, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Norway, Spain, and Sweden) participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI).

The Low Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Czech Breastfed Infants and Young Children: An Anthropological Survey.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of children who were exclusively or predominantly breastfed for at least 6 months compared to Czech references that were constructed based on a representative sample of children, regardless of their mode of feeding. Between 2008 and 2011, a longitudinal study on the growth of breastfed infants was carried out in the Czech Republic. Forty-three GP pediatricians addressed parents at 18-month preventive examinations and collected data on the families' socio-economic conditions and the infants' feeding conditions.

Body parameters of Czech breastfed children compared to the Czech references and WHO growth standards.

Background: The study concerns the comparison of percentile curves of Czech breastfed children with Czech national references from 1991 and 2001 and WHO growth standards. Growth charts of breastfed children demonstrate different curve shapes, especially in the first months of life. Incorrect interpretation of the growth curve could lead to premature introduction of complementary foods or infant formula.

Secular Changes of Adiposity and Motor Development in Czech Preschool Children: Lifestyle Changes in Fifty-Five Year Retrospective Study.

Secular trends of adiposity and motor development in preschool children since the fifties of the last century up to the beginning of this millennium were analyzed so as to reveal possible changes due to continuously differentiating lifestyle. In preschool children (n = 3678) height, weight, skinfold thickness over triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac were measured by Harpenden caliper in 1957, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, and 2012. Simultaneously, motor performance was tested by evaluating the achievements in broad jump and throwing a ball, as a marker of adaptation to changing level of physical activity, free games, and exercise.

Growth of Czech breastfed infants in comparison with the World Health Organization standards.

Growth references are important for paediatric health monitoring. It is critical to understand differences in growth interpretation and potential consequences when using available growth references. This study compares the growth of Czech breastfed children with the current WHO growth standards 2006 and the Czech references 1991, 2001.

[Overweight, obesity and underweight prevalence in 7-year-old children in the Czech Republic since 1951].

Background: Childhood overweight prevalence increases worldwide. The aim of the study was to clarify the change in underweight, overweight and obesity in seven year old Czech children since 1951.

Methods: Data on underweight, overweight and obesity prevalence were obtained using repeated cross-sectional surveys.

Adolescent growth: genes, hormones and the peer group. Proceedings of the 20th Aschauer Soiree, held at Glücksburg castle, Germany, 15th to 17th November 2013.

The association between poverty, malnutrition, illness and poor socioeconomic conditions on the one side, and poor growth and short adult stature on the other side, is well recognized. Yet, the simple assumption by implication that poor growth and short stature result from poor living conditions, should be questioned. Recent evidence on the impact of the social network on adolescent growth and adult height further challenges the traditional concept of growth being a mirror of health.

Long-term changes in prevalence of overweight and obesity in Czech 7-year-old children: evaluation of different cut-off criteria of childhood obesity.

The objective of this paper was an evaluation of change in prevalence of overweight and obesity in Czech children, and a comparison of cut-off points for body mass index references from the Czech Republic (CzR), International Obesity Task Force and WHO. The authors conducted a survey in 7-year-old children, and compared data from 1951, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2008 (WHO cut-offs). 2008 data were evaluated according to different cut-offs.

Monitoring the growth dynamics of somatic traits based on a semi-longitudinal study.

Possibilities of conducting longitudinal human growth studies are very limited, since it is necessary to monitor the probands for a long time. Another problem can be a loss of data currency, and the small size of the final sample. The solution can be a follow-up semi-longitudinal observation.

Associations between diet and (in)activity behaviours with overweight and obesity among 10-18-year-old Czech Republic adolescents.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of normal weight, overweight and obesity among 10-18-year-old Czech Republic adolescents and to assess the association between energy balance-related behaviours and overweight/obesity.

Design: Cross-sectional data from 'The 6th Nation-wide Anthropological Survey of Children and Adolescents 2001 Czech Republic' have been used.

Setting: Height and weight were objectively measured.

The prevalence of wasting in Czech infants: a comparison of the WHO child growth standards and the Czech growth references.

The objective of this descriptive study was to evaluate the performance of the international World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards in the Czech Republic and determine the prevalence of wasting among children using the 1991 Czech growth reference and the WHO growth standards. The study utilized the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards and the 1991 Czech growth references. The WHO standards were based on a longitudinal study of 882 children aged 0-24 months and on cross-sectional studies of 6669 children aged 18-71 months.

Defining overweight and obesity in pre-school children: IOTF reference or WHO standard?

Two international datasets are used to define overweight and obesity in pre-school children: the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference and the WHO standard. This study compares the performance of the two datasets in defining overweight and obesity in 24-60 months old children. This was done by plotting the IOTF cut-offs against WHO curves and by comparing the prevalence of overweight and obesity, as defined by the IOTF reference and by the WHO standard, using 2001 data from the Czech Republic.

[Relation between dietary and physical activity patterns and obesity in seven year old children--current situation--WHO study].

Background: Childhood obesity is a global health problem. For monitoring of trends in obesity prevalence and comparison between countries standardized methods are necessary. WHO/Europe launched the "Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative" project in 2006 aiming to monitor childhood obesity and associated factors in European countries.

Overweight and obesity in infants and pre-school children in the European Union: a review of existing data.

The objective of this study was to synthesize available information on prevalence and time trends of overweight and obesity in pre-school children in the European Union. Retrieval and analysis or re-analysis of existing data were carried out. Data sources include WHO databases, Medline and Google, contact with authors of published and unpublished documents.

Breastfeeding rates in baby-friendly and non-baby-friendly hospitals in the Czech Republic from 2000 to 2006.

The type of infant feeding at hospital discharge was compared in Baby-Friendly (BF), non-BF hospitals, neonatal intermediate care units (NICU), and perinatal centres (PC) in the Czech Republic. Data from 660 355 infants born from 2000 to 2006 was collected retrospectively from newborn reports. The exclusive breastfeeding rates decreased in BF hospitals from 92.

Long-term changes in body weight, BMI, and adiposity rebound among children and adolescents in the Czech Republic.

The Czech Republic has undergone rapid political, social, and economic transformation since the late 1980s. While obesity rates among children and adolescents in the Czech Republic have been previously relatively low, this has changed in recent years. Across the past 50 years, body weight, body mass index (BMI)-for-age, and adiposity rebound (AR) (the time when a child reaches the lowest BMI before their BMI gradually begins to increase until adulthood) occurs earlier.

A fresh look at growth assessment of infants and young children in the Czech Republic in context of international developments.

The growth charts of basic body measurements are an important aid for the daily routine practice of paediatricians. Charts for children from birth to 2 years of age form an integral component of a set of such tools for the age spectrum from birth to 18 years of age. The interpretation of growth charts is highly dependent on the data on basis of which the charts were constructed.

Two centuries of growth among Czech children and youth.

The trend of increasing height can be interpreted as a reflection of the unfolding progress of civilization. Height changes among children and adolescents are good markers of this trend. We analyze the secular trend in the heights of children and adolescents in the Czech Republic on the basis of data from anthropological surveys.

The 6th nationwide anthropological survey of children and adolescents in the Czech Republic in 2001.

The 6th nationwide anthropological survey (NAS) of children and adolescents was carried out in the Czech Republic in 2001 to continue the series of surveys repeated at 10-year intervals since 1951 (with the participation of the Slovak Republic up to 1991). The major objective was to find out the following body measurements of children and adolescents: body height and weight, and head, arm, waist and hip circumferences. Questionnaires were used to find out the body measurements of parents (body height and weight) and some socio-economic characteristics of the child's family (number of siblings, education of parents, breast feeding duration, birth weight and length, child's physical activities, TV watching time, computer gaming time, etc.

Social inequality and obesity in Czech school children.

This study uses logistic regressions to consider the effect of social factors, physical activity, meal frequency and BMI of parents on children's body mass index (BMI) values. Three thousand three hundred and sixty-two children aged 7-11 years were examined in 38 schools in the Czech Republic. Six anthropometric characteristics were assessed in 1999-2000.

Bodily characteristics and lifestyle of Czech children aged 7.00 to 10.99 years, incidence of childhood obesity.

In 1991-2000 in the Czech Republic a survey of the prevalence of obesity was made. The assessment was made by the transversal method in elementary schools in all regions of the Czech Republic. Children aged 7.

Overweight and obesity in 6- to 14-year-old Czech children in 1991: protective effect of breast-feeding.

Objective: To assess the impact of breast-feeding on childhood overweight/obesity in an Eastern European socialist society with relatively homogeneous lifestyles.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey data collected in 1991 on 33,768 school-children aged 6 to 14 years in the Czech Republic were analyzed by using multiple logistic regression analyses (main outcome body mass index [BMI] >90th percentile [overweight] and BMI >97th percentile [obesity]).

Results: Overall prevalence of overweight (obesity) was lower in breast-fed children: ever breast-fed (9.

Proposed standard definition for child overweight and obesity.

The prevalence of obesity in child population is becoming a serious problem in all advanced countries. Therefore many authors try to find a definition according to which it would be possible to assess overweight and obesity in examined subjects in a simple manner. The simplest way is to plot the subject's data in a percentile zone of reference data according to his BMI value.

Influence of positioning of infants on long-term changes of cephalic dimensions.

The submitted investigation describes long-term changes of 3 main cephalic dimensions (head circumference, maximal length and maximal width of the head) and analyses the possible influence of positioning of infants after birth (prone, supine and side sleeping position) on these changes. Information about children aged 6 months to 3.99 years, where the need of up-to-date data is greatest, were collected as part of an extensive anthropological survey implemented in 1995 to 1997 in the entire Czech Republic.