A scoping review on the community dividend resulting from testing and treating hepatitis C infection in people living in detention.

A scoping review was conducted to map out sources, types, characteristics of evidence that substantiate the existence of a community dividend arising from testing and treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in people living in detention - where community dividend is defined as the benefit of prison-related intervention for general population health. Joanna Briggs Institute methodology guidance was used. Literature search was done in EMBASE, Scopus, ASSIA, UWE library, CINAHL Plus, and Medline to find studies published in any country, any language between January 1991 and June 2022.

How do people in prison access palliative care? A scoping review of models of palliative care delivery for people in prison in high-income countries.

Background: An ageing prison population with complex health needs combined with punitive sentencing practices means palliative care for incarcerated individuals is increasingly important. However, there is limited evidence regarding the models of care delivery in high-income countries, and their associated challenges and benefits.

Aim: To develop a typology of models of palliative care provision for incarcerated individuals, synthesise evidence of their outcomes and describe facilitators of and challenges in delivering different models of palliative and end-of-life care in prisons.

What are the factors of parental incarceration that may increase risk of poor emotional and mental health in children of prisoners?

Purpose: Globally millions of children have a parent who is imprisoned. Research suggests that this has an adverse impact on the child and imprisonment of a parent is considered to be an adverse childhood experience (ACE). Parental incarceration will not only affect the child but the entire household and may result in further ACEs such as household dysfunction and parental separation making this group of children particularly vulnerable.

Developing a typology of models of palliative care delivery in prisons in high-income countries: protocol for a scoping review with narrative synthesis.

Introduction: A combination of punitive sentencing practices within ageing populations, compounded by the health challenges faced by people in prison, means that dedicated palliative care provision within prisons is a pressing requirement. However, evidence about exactly how quality palliative and end-of-life care is delivered in this environment remains sparse.This review aims to develop a typology of models of palliative and end-of-life care delivery within prisons in high-income countries to inform service development and policy.

Exploring young people's interpretations of female genital mutilation in the UK using a community-based participatory research approach.

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply-rooted cultural practice mainly undertaken in Africa, the Middle East and Asian countries. Evidence to date suggests that although first-generation migrants to the West are abandoning FGM, the custom continues in some places, albeit in small numbers. This study examined how young people living in FGM affected communities in the United Kingdom (UK), interpreted and explained FGM.

Using laws to further public health causes: the Healthy Prisons Agenda.

In this commentary, we propose using laws in implementing the Healthy Prisons Agenda. We evaluate the efficacy of laws in tackling health inequalities in prisons, provide recommendations on how states can uphold their international commitments that safeguard prisoners' right to healthcare, and frame prisons as health-promoting settings. We also assess the challenges that can thwart this proposal, such as the non-binding nature of international obligations, global prison overcrowding and the dependency on prison governors and staff for implementation of the Agenda.

How do policymakers interpret and implement the principle of equivalence with regard to prison health? A qualitative study among key policymakers in England.

Background: The principle of equivalence in prison health has been established for nearly four decades. It seeks to ensure that prisoners have access to the same level of healthcare as members of society at large, which is entrenched within the international legal framework and England's national health policies.

Aims: This study examined how key policymakers interpret and implement the principle of equivalence in English prisons.

Challenges for prison governors and staff in implementing the Healthy Prisons Agenda in English prisons.

Objectives: In the two decades that have passed since the World Health Organisation established the Healthy Prisons Agenda, there has been no research conducted to investigate barriers and challenges prison managerial and operational staff encounter in implementing the Agenda in the English prison context. This article debates sectoral, institutional and occupational challenges perceived to hinder effective implementation of the Agenda, based on a qualitative study involving prison governors and operational staff.

Study Design: Qualitative study taking a grounded theory approach.

Should we use a direct regulation to implement the Healthy Prisons Agenda in England? A qualitative study among prison key policy makers.

Background: The Healthy Prisons Agenda seeks to reduce prisoners' health risks, balance prisoners' rights with a security regime, ensure equivalent prison health service provisions to community health services, and facilitate the whole-prison approach. There is an established assumption that legislation will ensure better implementation of health promotion programmes. This study aimed to examine whether a legislative framework, via a direct regulation, could lead to enhanced implementation of the Healthy Prisons Agenda in England.

Music-making for health and wellbeing in youth justice settings: mediated affordances and the impact of context and social relations.

Young people in the criminal justice system experience significant health and wellbeing issues that often stem from poverty and disadvantage and, in turn, are linked with offending and reoffending behaviour. There is ongoing interest in interventions such as participatory music programmes that seek to foster social reintegration, support mental wellbeing and equip young offenders with life skills, competencies and emotional resilience. However, there is a need for a situated understanding of both positive and negative experiences that shape potential outcomes of music projects.

Expert views of peer-based interventions for prisoner health.

Purpose: Formalised support services for prisoners that rely on peer methods of delivery show promising health and social outcomes but there is also conjecture that negative effects, both at an individual and organisational level, can occur. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach: Individuals with recognised professional expertise from various sectors (including ex-prisoners) were invited to contribute to an expert symposium to share their perceptions of the positive and negative effects of peer interventions in prison.

A clean bill of health? The efficacy of an NHS commissioned outsourced police custody healthcare service.

Police custody healthcare services for detainees in the UK are most commonly outsourced to independent healthcare providers who employ custody nurses and forensic physicians to deliver forensic healthcare services. A pilot was introduced in 2008 by the Department of Health to explore the efficacy of commissioning custody healthcare via the NHS, in the wake of the 2005-2006 shift of prison healthcare to the NHS. The objective was to improve quality and accountability through NHS commissioning and the introduction of NHS governance to the management and delivery of custody healthcare.

Adapting needs assessment methodologies to build integrated health pathways for people in the criminal justice system.

Criminal justice health services should be underpinned with good public health evidence about the population's health needs. Health needs assessment methodologies can provide valuable intelligence for commissioners to evaluate the quality of services and innovate according to need. However, health needs assessment can be limited if it takes a conventional epidemiological approach, focussing on individuals' healthcare needs in criminal justice settings.

Music making for health, well-being and behaviour change in youth justice settings: a systematic review.

Youth justice is an important public health issue. There is growing recognition of the need to adopt effective, evidence-based strategies for working with young offenders. Music interventions may be particularly well suited to addressing risk factors in young people and reducing juvenile crime.

Missed opportunities? Locating health promotion within multidisciplinary public health.

This paper examines the complex interconnections between the development of health promotion and multidisciplinary public health, respectively. Health promotion takes a distinctive interdisciplinary and multiprofessional perspective on health. Historically, it has brought together practitioners from varied disciplinary backgrounds, education and training.

Unhealthy prisons: exploring structural determinants of prison health.

Prisoner health is influenced as much by structural determinants (institutional, environmental, political, economic and social) as it is by physical and mental constitutions of prisoners themselves. Prison health may therefore be better understood with greater insight into how people respond to imprisonment - the psychological pressures of incarceration, the social world of prison, being dislocated from society, and the impact of the institution itself with its regime and architecture. As agencies of disempowerment and deprivation, prisons epitomise the antithesis of a healthy setting.

HACCP and food hygiene in hospitals: knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food-services staff in Calabria, Italy. Collaborative Group.

Objectives: To determine adherence to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) methods and to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food-services staff with regard to food hygiene in hospitals.

Design: A survey.

Participants: Hospital medical directors and food-services staff of 36 hospitals in Calabria, Italy.

Dental hygienists and infection control: knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in Italy.

This study evaluated knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding infection control of dental hygienists in Italy. Among the 185 responders to the self-administered mailed questionnaire, 91.3% agreed with the correct responses to the three questions on knowledge about infection prevention and control procedures chosen as an indicator of 'good' knowledge.

Food handlers and foodborne diseases: knowledge, attitudes, and reported behavior in Italy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and behavior concerning foodborne diseases and food safety issues among food handlers in Italy. Face-to-face interviews were conducted within a random sample using a structured questionnaire. Of the 411 food handlers responding, 48.

Prevalence of hospital-acquired infections in Italy.

A one-day prevalence survey was conducted in Calabria (Italy) to estimate the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) and the effect of different variables on HAI in 888 patients present in a ward for at least 24 hours and not due for discharge or transfer on the day of the survey. The overall prevalence of HAI was 1.7% and urinary tract and surgical wounds were the most frequent sites (each four patients, 26.

[The effectiveness of enoxacin for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection].

In this study we evaluated the efficacy of enoxacin in treating complicated urinary tract infections (UTI). We isolated 21 bacterial strains from 20 enrolled patients and all the strains showed "in vitro" susceptibility to enoxacin. The most represented bacterial strain was E.

Efficacy and safety of cefotetan in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections: clinical experience in a selective and single study.

A single, selective study was performed in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cefotetan in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (UTI). Of 34 pre-treatment isolated strains, 60% were pluri-resistant to other antibiotics (ampicillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, cefalotin, aztreonam) but only 21.2% to cefotetan.