Fracture risk revisited: Bone mineral density T-score and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To study the association between femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) T-score and fracture risk in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: We performed a single-centre retrospective cohort study using the Danish National Health Service. BMD of the FN was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

The association of type 2 diabetes-related characteristics with fracture risk at different sites.

Aim: To determine the association of diabetes-related characteristics with fractures at different sites in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD. Patients aged over 30 years with T2D were identified within the CPRD.

Bone microarchitecture and strength assessed by HRpQCT in individuals with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: the Maastricht study.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent disease and has been associated with an increased fracture risk despite normal or even higher areal BMD. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between glucose metabolism status (GMS) and measurements of glycemic control with HRpQCT parameters of bone microarchitecture and strength. Participants of the Maastricht study who underwent an HRpQCT scan at the distal radius and tibia were included.

Serum osteoglycin is stable during various glycemic challenges in healthy men.

Purpose: Osteoglycin is hypothesized to be metabolically active and may enhance insulin action. We hypothesized that osteoglycin levels increase during hyperglycemia as a physiological response to enhance the effects of insulin.

Methods: Eight healthy males were included in a cross-over study consisting of three study days following an 8 h fast.

Diagnosing Osteoporosis in Diabetes-A Systematic Review on BMD and Fractures.

Purpose Of Review: Recently, the American Diabetes Association updated the 2024 guidelines for Standards of Care in Diabetes and recommend that a T-score of - 2.0 in patients with diabetes should be interpreted as equivalent to - 2.5 in people without diabetes.

Effects of Incretin Therapy on Skeletal Health in Type 2 Diabetes-A Systematic Review.

Diabetes poses a significant risk to bone health, with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) having a more detrimental impact than Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The group of hormones known as incretins, which includes gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), play a role in regulating bowel function and insulin secretion during feeding. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are emerging as the primary treatment choice in T2D, particularly when atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is present.

The associations of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as add-on to metformin with fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To investigate whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use as compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor use as add-on to metformin is associated with the risk of any fracture or major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs).

Methods: A cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database was conducted. All patients aged 18 years and older with a first-ever prescription for a DPP-4 inhibitor or an SGLT2 inhibitor as add-on to metformin between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2020 were selected.

Discrepancies in type of first major osteoporotic fracture and anti-osteoporotic therapy in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective Danish cohort study.

Objective: Subjects with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of fractures. We aimed to identify discrepancies in the first type of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and anti-osteoporotic therapy between subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and subjects without diabetes. Methods and research design.

SGLT2 inhibitor treatment is not associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures when compared to GLP-1 receptor agonists: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with an increased fracture risk. It is debated whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors influence fracture risk in T2D. We aimed to investigate the risk of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) with SGLT2 inhibitors compared to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists when used as add-on therapies to metformin.

Use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, changes in body mass index and risk of fracture: A population-based cohort study.

Aims: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor-induced weight loss might play a role in the debated elevated fracture risk with these agents. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between SGLT-2 inhibitor use, changes in body mass index (BMI) and fracture risk.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD (2013-2018).

Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Severe Hypoglycemia, and All-Cause Mortality in Postpancreatitis Diabetes Mellitus Versus Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: Postpancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) is a frequent complication of pancreatitis and associates with poor glycemic control. We investigated the risk of adverse diabetes-related outcomes in PPDM compared with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: In this Danish population-based cohort study, we included adults (>18 years) with incident PPDM or type 2 diabetes between 1998 and 2018 through national health registries.

Prevalent Morphometrically Assessed Vertebral Fractures in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes, Prediabetes and Normal Glucose Metabolism: The Maastricht Study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is frequently reported to be associated with an increased fracture risk. Epidemiological data on prevalent morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) in T2D are sparse and even less is known in the prediabetic state.

Purpose: To determine the association between prevalence and severity of morphometric VFs and glucose metabolism state: normal glucose metabolism (NGM), impaired glucose metabolism (prediabetes) or T2D.

The Efficacy of Alendronate Versus Denosumab on Major Osteoporotic Fracture Risk in Elderly Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Danish Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of fractures; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate whether the risk of major osteoporotic fractures in diabetes patients differs between subjects initiated with alendronate and denosumab, respectively.

Methods And Research Design: We conducted a retrospective nationwide cohort study through access to all discharge diagnoses (ICD-10 system) from the National Danish Patient Registry along with all redeemed drug prescriptions (ATC classification system) from the Health Service Prescription Registry.

Alendronate Use and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Danish Nested Case-Control Study.

Objective: A link has been proposed between glucose homeostasis and bone metabolism. Bisphosphonates are first-line treatment of osteoporosis, and we aimed to investigate whether the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was associated with prior use of alendronate.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a population-based nested case-control study through access to all discharge diagnoses (ICD-10 system) from the National Danish Patient Registry along with all redeemed drug prescriptions (ATC classification system) from the Health Service Prescription Registry.

Glucose-Lowering Therapy in Patients With Postpancreatitis Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: Postpancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) is a type of secondary diabetes that requires special considerations for management. The main objective was to examine prescription patterns of glucose-lowering therapy among adults with PPDM compared with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: In a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study, we identified all individuals with adult-onset diabetes in the period 2000-2018 and categorized them as having type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or PPDM.

Associations of Circulating Osteoglycin With Bone Parameters and Metabolic Markers in Patients With Diabetes.

Objective: Circulating osteoglycin may facilitate the crosstalk between bone and pancreas to empower adaptation of bone mass to whole body energy balance. We aimed to examine whether osteoglycin is associated with bone and metabolic parameters and if osteoglycin levels differ between patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D).

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional study of 190 patients with diabetes mellitus and stable hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (97 T1D and 93 T2D) was conducted.

Glucose-Lowering Drugs and Fracture Risk-a Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased fracture risk. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of different classes of glucose-lowering drugs on fracture risk in patients with type 2 DM. The heterogeneity of the included studies did not allow formal statistical analyses.

The Impact of Exercise on Bone Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-a Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased fracture risk. Weight loss in T2DM management may result in lowering of bone mass. In this systematic literature review, we aimed to investigate how exercise affects bone health in people with T2DM.

Osteoglycin and Bone-a Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: Bone turnover is a regulated process. Osteoglycin is suggested to have an important impact on bone function but may also affect cardiovascular and metabolic functions. This review investigates the action of osteoglycin in bone as well as its potential endocrine effects.

Prolonged fasting-induced metabolic signatures in human skeletal muscle of lean and obese men.

Insulin resistance is a well-known physiological adaptation to prolonged fasting in healthy skeletal muscle. Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle, and a pronounced increase in the risk of metabolic complications. Under the hypothesis that the metabolic traits of insulin resistance associated with prolonged fasting are different from insulin resistance associated with obesity, we examined nine obese and nine lean participants during 12 and 72h of fasting, respectively.

Differential regulation of lipid and protein metabolism in obese vs. lean subjects before and after a 72-h fast.

Increased availability of lipids may conserve muscle protein during catabolic stress. Our study was designed to define 1) intracellular mechanisms leading to increased lipolysis and 2) whether this scenario is associated with decreased amino acid and urea fluxes, and decreased muscle amino acid release in obese subjects under basal and fasting conditions. We therefore studied nine lean and nine obese subjects twice, after 12 and 72 h of fasting, using measurements of mRNA and protein expression and phosphorylation of lipolytic and protein metabolic signaling molecules in fat and muscle together with whole body and forearm tracer techniques.

Pronounced expression of the lipolytic inhibitor G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 (G0S2) in adipose tissue from brown bears (Ursus arctos) prior to hibernation.

Prior to hibernation, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) exhibits unparalleled weight gain. Unlike humans, weight gain in bears is associated with lower levels of circulating free fatty acids (FFA) and increased insulin sensitivity. Understanding how free-ranging brown bears suppress lipolysis when gaining weight may therefore provide novel insight toward the development of human therapies.

Effect of differential shear stress on platelet aggregation, surface thrombosis, and endothelialization of bilateral carotid-femoral grafts in the dog.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of increased shear stress on the aggregability of platelets as they traverse a long, small-caliber (6 mm) Dacron graft in the dog and on the surface thrombosis and endothelialization of such a graft.

Methods: Each of nine dogs received bilateral carotid-femoral artery grafts, approximately 75 cm long, for 3 months; one graft of each pair had a distal femoral arteriovenous fistula to produce a higher shear rate than the contralateral graft. Platelet aggregation scores were determined on blood withdrawn from the external jugular vein and from the proximal and distal ends of the grafts in each animal.