Much ado about nothing? Discrepancy between the available data on the antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine in March 2020 and its inclusion in COVID-19 clinical trials and outpatient prescriptions.

Objectives: Many of the 2020 COVID-19 clinical trials included an (hydroxy)chloroquine ((H)CQ) arm. We aimed to juxtapose the state of science before April 2020 regarding the benefits of (H)CQ for viral infections with the number and size of the clinical trials studying (H)CQ and the volume of (H)CQ dispensed in France.

Study Design: We identified and analysed published scientific material regarding the antiviral activity of (H)CQ and publicly available data regarding clinical trials and drug dispensation in France.

Characterization of rapid weight gain phenotype in children with narcolepsy.

Objectives: To characterize the rapid weight gain (RWG) phenotype associated with the onset of childhood narcolepsy and to determine whether it could constitute a marker of severity of the disease.

Methods: RWG was defined using the BMI z-score slope reported to one year (>0.67 SD) from symptom onset to disease diagnosis.

Desynchronization of the oral temperature circadian rhythm and intolerance to shift work.

The present study tested the hypothesis that subjects with a good tolerance to shift work maintain the circadian period tau of their temperature rhythm equal to 24 h, while tau may differ from 24 h when subjects exhibit one or several clinical signs of intolerance. These latter are mainly: persisting sleep disturbance, persisting fatigue, changes in mood and behaviour, and digestive troubles, from gastritis to overt peptic ulcer. These symptoms were used here to classify the subjects studied.

Circadian and ultradian rhythms in the feeding behaviour and nutrient intakes of oil refinery operators with shift-work every 3--4 days.

Seven healthy adult men, five shift-workers and two non-shift-workers (from 21 to 36 years; mean = 26.4) volunteered to record what and when they ate, both at work and at home, every day, during eight consecutive weeks (Oct. - Dec.

Is the rhythm amplitude related to the ability to phase-shift circadian rhythms of shift-workers?

The magnitude of the circadian acrophase adjustment deltaphi to a phase shift of socio-ecologic synchronizers (as in shift-work) varies from subject to subject. According to J. Aschoff, the ability to adjust rapidly to a phase-shift could be associated with having a small amplitude for certain circadian rhythms.