Preferences for a Clostridioides difficile vaccine among adults in the United States.

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile (C.diff) infection (CDI) causes significant morbidity and mortality among older adults. Vaccines to prevent CDI are in development; however, data on the target population's preferences are needed to inform vaccination recommendations in the United States (US).

A latent class analysis of factors influencing preferences for infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) preventives among pregnant people in the United States.

A maternal vaccine and long-acting monoclonal antibody (mAb) were recently approved to protect infants against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We identified subgroups of pregnant people with different preferences for RSV preventives and respondent characteristics associated with subgroup membership. An online survey, including a discrete choice experiment (DCE), was conducted among US pregnant people.

Healthcare Providers' and Pregnant People's Preferences for a Preventive to Protect Infants from Serious Illness Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

We assessed the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) preventive characteristics on the intentions of pregnant people and healthcare providers (HCPs) to protect infants with a maternal vaccine or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Pregnant people and HCPs who treated pregnant people and/or infants were recruited via convenience sample from a general research panel to complete a cross-sectional, web-based survey, including a discrete choice experiment (DCE) wherein respondents chose between hypothetical RSV preventive profiles varying on five attributes (effectiveness, preventive type [maternal vaccine vs. mAb], injection recipient/timing, type of medical visit required to receive the injection, and duration of protection during RSV season) and a no-preventive option.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of adult pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for pneumococcal disease in Japan.

Background: The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is used in the Japanese National Immunization Program for older adults and adults with increased risk for pneumococcal disease, however, disease incidence and associated burden remain high. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) for adults aged 65 years and high-risk adults aged 60-64 years in Japan.

Research Design And Methods: Using a Markov model, we evaluated lifetime costs using societal and healthcare payer perspectives and estimated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and number of prevented cases and deaths caused by invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-IPD.

Best Practices for Identifying Hospitalized Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Using Administrative Data: A Systematic Literature Review of Validation Studies.

Introduction: Estimating the burden of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) increasingly relies on administrative databases using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, but no standard methodology exists. We defined best practices for ICD-based algorithms that estimate LRTI incidence in adults.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of validation studies assessing the use of ICD code-based algorithms to identify hospitalized LRTIs in adults, published in Medline, EMBASE, and LILACS between January 1996 and January 2022, according to PRISMA guidelines.

Cost-effectiveness of use of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among adults in Germany.

Objectives: Despite national recommendations for use of pneumococcal vaccines, rates of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remain high in Germany. New pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) with expanded coverage have the potential to reduce the pneumococcal disease burden among adults.

Methods: Using a Markov model, we evaluated the lifetime outcomes/costs comparing 20-valent PCV (PCV20) with standard of care (SC) vaccinations for prevention of CAP and IPD among adults aged ≥60 years and at-risk adults aged 18-59 years in Germany.

Cost-utility of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to no vaccination and recommended alternative vaccines among Belgian adults.

Background: The Belgian Superior Health Council (SHC) preferentially recommended the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) for adults aged ≥65 years, immunocompromised patients, and patients aged ≥50 years suffering from conditions that increase their risk for pneumococcal infections. The objective of this paper is to present the cost-utility of PCV20 compared to no vaccination and the alternative sequence of PCV15 followed by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in this population.

Research Design And Methods: The analysis employed a static Markov model capturing lifetime risk of pneumococcal infections, associated disutility, mortality, and costs from different healthcare payer perspectives.

Health and economic outcomes of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine strategies for adults in Greece.

Objective: Higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are expected to improve protection against pneumococcal disease through coverage of additional serotypes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) compared to 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) alone or followed by 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) for adults in Greece.

Methods: A published Markov model was adapted to simulate lifetime risk of clinical and economic outcomes from the public payer's perspective.

Estimating the Population Newly Eligible for the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine.

Introduction: Recommendations for adult pneumococcal vaccination in the U.S. were revised in 2022 after the introduction of 15- and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20) to call for routine PCV use among immunocompetent adults with risk conditions aged 19-64 years.

Pneumococcal vaccine uptake among Medicare Beneficiaries aged ≥65 years following the shared clinical decision-making recommendation for 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in 2019.

Background: In November 2019, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended shared clinical decision-making (SCDM) for use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) among immunocompetent elderly adults. The impact of SCDM on PCV13 use in this population, immunocompromised persons, and vulnerable subgroups has not been well documented.

Methods: Using Medicare Research Identifiable Files (01/2018 - 09/2020), monthly uptake of pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [PPSV23]) was identified among fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 years with Part B coverage and no evidence of prior PCV13.

Cost-effectiveness of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Denmark compared with PPV23.

Background: A new 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) provides protection against 20 pneumococcal serotypes. The vaccine has the potential to decrease the impact of pneumococcal diseases in society and to increase health among vulnerable persons.

Aim: This study investigates the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating Danish adults in different age groups and risk of pneumococcal disease with PCV20 compared to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) - either as PCV20 compared to PPV23 or as PPV23 followed by PCV20 compared to PPV23.

Financial incentives tied to Medicare star ratings: impact on influenza vaccination uptake in Medicare beneficiaries.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the star rating bonus payment policy on annual influenza vaccination rates before and after the policy was adopted for Medicare Advantage (MA) plans in 2012.

Study Design: Observational study using data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey from 2007 to 2015 to test whether the bonus payment policy led to higher flu vaccination rates in MA prescription drug (MAPD) plans vs fee-for-service prescription drug plans (PDPs), which were ineligible for bonus payments.

Methods: Mean preperiod (2007-2011) and postperiod (2012-2015) influenza vaccination rates were compared for enrollees in both types of plans using descriptive and multivariate difference-in-difference (DID) equations.

Community-acquired pneumonia in infants: Not simply an acute event with complete recovery.

Background: Pneumonia in infancy has been linked to long-term consequences for the rapidly developing lung. We examined the impact of hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on subsequent respiratory health.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective matched-cohort study using the Optum® de-identified Electronic Health Record Dataset (2009-2018).

Hospital discharge diagnosis position: impact on adult pneumonia burden estimates.

Objectives: Pneumonia hospitalization studies using administrative claims rely on pneumonia coded in the first discharge diagnosis field over pneumonia in any coded field, and few have evaluated disposition following discharge. This study reports the total disease burden and discharge disposition among patients with pneumonia coded in any diagnosis field.

Study Design: Retrospective database review.

Preferences for Adult Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations Among United States Health Care Providers.

Introduction: In 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for all adults aged ≥ 65 years, with a commitment to revisit the recommendation for PCV13 because of declining vaccine-type disease. The Evidence-to-Recommendation framework used by the ACIP includes review of evidence regarding feasibility and stakeholder acceptability, but no surveys of vaccinator preferences have been published in the literature.

Methods: Physicians (N = 700), physician assistants (N = 100), pharmacists (N = 100), and nurse practitioners (N = 100) who recently prescribed, administered, or recommended adult pneumococcal vaccine were surveyed in March 2018.

The added burden of depression in patients with osteoarthritis in Japan.

In Japan, osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading source of pain and disability; depressive disorders may limit patients' ability to cope with OA. This study examined the incremental effect of depression on the relationship between OA and health-related outcomes. Data from the 2014 Japan National Health and Wellness Survey (N=30,000) were collected on demographics, OA characteristics, and health characteristics of patients with OA.

Uptake of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine among US Adults Aged 19 to 64 Years with Immunocompromising Conditions.

The CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended immunization with the recently licensed 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for high-risk (immunocompromised) adults aged ≥19 years in 2012. This was in addition to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). Data on vaccine-specific uptake among these individuals were previously unavailable.

Patient-Reported Consequences of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) carries high morbidity, mortality, and economic burden, which is even higher in adults diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While several studies have assessed the clinical burden and mortality risk of CAP and COPD, very few studies focus on CAP burden from a COPD patient perspective. Individuals recently diagnosed with CAP and with pre-existing COPD were recruited through the COPD Foundation.

Cost of opioid medication abuse with and without tampering in the USA.

Objective: To provide per-patient estimates of the economic burden for opioid medication abuse with and without tampering.

Patients And Methods: Adults in the US who participated in the 2010 and/or 2011 National Health and Wellness Survey were resurveyed to provide information on use and abuse of prescription opioids in the previous 3 months. Participants (N=20,885) were categorized as those who abused and tampered (n=107), abused without tampering (n=118), those who reported using of opioids as prescribed (n=981), and non-opioid controls (n=19,679).

Impaired Quality of Life, Work, and Activities Among Adults with Clostridium difficile Infection: A Multinational Survey.

Background: Evidence of humanistic detriments of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains limited.

Aims: To assess humanistic burden associated with CDI.

Methods: Self-reported National Health and Wellness Survey data between 2013 and 2016 were analyzed for the USA, five European countries, China, and Brazil.

Association between presenteeism and health-related quality of life among Japanese adults with chronic lower back pain: a retrospective observational study.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between presenteeism and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Japanese adults with chronic lower back pain (CLBP).

Design: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Setting: Data were collected via a self-administered online survey of the Japanese adult general population.

Work impairment, osteoarthritis, and health-related quality of life among employees in Japan.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of health and work impairment; however, this relationship, especially in Japan, is not well characterized. This study examined work impairment and OA in Japanese workers, specifically the relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health status.

Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional observational study included the data of employed adults with a self-reported OA diagnosis from the 2014 Japan National Health and Wellness Survey.

Burden of chronic urticaria relative to psoriasis in five European countries.

Background: Quantification of burden of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) vs. psoriasis (PsO) is limited.

Objective: To evaluate the burden associated with CSU vs.