Refractory testicular germ cell tumors are highly sensitive to the targeting of polycomb pathway demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) can be treated with cisplatin-based therapy. However, a clinically significant number of cisplatin-resistant patients die from progressive disease as no effective alternatives exist. Curative cisplatin therapy results in acute and life-long toxicities in the young TGCT patient population providing a rationale to decrease cisplatin exposure.

Refractory testicular germ cell tumors are highly sensitive to the targeting of polycomb pathway demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) can be treated with cisplatin-based therapy. However, a clinically significant number of cisplatin-resistant patients die from progressive disease as no effective alternatives exist. Curative cisplatin therapy results in acute and life-long toxicities in the young TGCT patient population providing a rationale to decrease cisplatin exposure.

Liver Lipoma in a Dog: Case Report and Literature Review.

Lipoma of the liver has not been reported in dogs. An 8 yr old spayed female Great Dane was referred for diagnostic workup of abdominal distention. Computed tomography showed fat-attenuating masses with negative attenuation values (variable between -60 to -40 Hounsfield units) and minimal contrast uptake within the left cranial abdomen.

Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and Lesser Mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) Proteins Slowed Weight Gain and Improved Metabolism of Diet-Induced Obesity Mice.

Background: High-protein diets not only meet amino acid needs but also modulate satiety and energy metabolism. Insect-based proteins are sustainable, high-quality proteins. Mealworms have been studied, but limited information is known about their ability to impact metabolism and obesity.

Canine thyroid carcinomas: A review with emphasis on comparing the compact subtype of follicular thyroid carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas.

Canine thyroid carcinomas are relatively common malignant endocrine neoplasms in dogs derived from either thyroid follicular cells (forming follicular thyroid carcinomas) or medullary cells (parafollicular, C-cells; forming medullary thyroid carcinomas). Older and recent clinical studies often fail to discriminate between compact cellular (solid) follicular thyroid carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas, which may skew conclusions. The compact subtype of follicular thyroid carcinomas appears to be the least differentiated subtype of follicular thyroid carcinomas and needs to be differentiated from medullary thyroid carcinomas.

Case report: Clinical and pathological findings in a canine patient with intervertebral disk extrusion resembling progressive myelomalacia.

A 4-year-old female spayed dog presented to the emergency department for non-ambulatory tetraparesis, which progressed to tetraplegia. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed cervical intervertebral disk extrusion at C5-6 extending to C6-7, and an emergency ventral slot was performed. After the procedure, the patient was placed on mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure.

GM-CSF Tc17 cells are required to bolster vaccine immunity against lethal fungal pneumonia without causing overt pathology.

GM-CSF co-expressing T17 cells instigate pathologic inflammation during autoimmune disorders, but their function in immunity to infections is unclear. Here, we demonstrate the role of GM-CSFTc17 cells for vaccine immunity against lethal fungal pneumonia and the cytokine requirements for their induction and memory homeostasis. Vaccine-induced GM-CSF Tc17 cells are necessary to bolster pulmonary fungal immunity without inflating pathology.

Autologous blood pleurodesis for surgical pneumothorax and outcome with multimodal cancer treatment in a dog with primary pulmonary mast cell tumor.

A dog underwent lung lobectomy for removal of a mass. Histopathology was consistent with narrow resection of a mast cell tumor. Postoperative pneumothorax was successfully treated using autologous blood pleurodesis.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

Cytotoxicity of Cultured Canine Primary Hepatocytes Exposed to Itraconazole Is Decreased by Pre-treatment With Glutathione.

To identify the effect of glutathione (GSH) on cell survival in a novel model of itraconazole (ITZ)-associated hepatotoxicity using canine primary hepatocytes. Commercially sourced, cryopreserved male dog (Beagle) primary hepatocytes from a single donor. Using a sandwich culture technique, canine primary hepatocytes were exposed to serial dilutions of ITZ.

Development of a novel model of cholecystectomy in subsequently ovariectomized mice and characterization of metabolic and gastrointestinal phenotypes: a pilot study.

Background: Cholecystectomy (XGB) is the most common abdominal surgery performed in the United States and is associated with an increased post-surgery incidence of metabolic and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Two main risk factors for XGB are sex (female) and age (40-50 yr), corresponding with onset of menopause. Post-menopausal estrogen loss alone facilitates metabolic dysfunction, but the effects of XGB on metabolic and GI health have yet to be investigated in this population.

Fermentation Product Did Not Attenuate Clinical Signs, but Psyllium Husk Has Protective Effects in a Murine Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Model.

Background: Yeast products and psyllium husk may provide relief from clinical signs of colitis due to their ability to promote gut integrity, modulate gut microbiota, or positively affect immune responses, which have been demonstrated in several species.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a fermentation product (SCFP) and psyllium husk (PH) on cecal and fecal microbiota, colonic gene expression and histopathology, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) immune cells in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model.

Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice ( = 54) were assigned to a control, 5% SCFP, or 5% PH diet.

Pulmonary Mycosis Drives Forkhead Box Protein A2 Degradation and Mucus Hypersecretion through Activation of the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-AKT/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Signaling.

Pulmonary mycoses are difficult to treat and detrimental to patients. Fungal infections modulate the lung immune response, induce goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia, and mucus hypersecretion in the airways. Excessive mucus clogs small airways and reduces pulmonary function by decreasing oxygen exchange, leading to respiratory distress.

Feasibility of hepatic fine needle aspiration as a minimally invasive sampling method for gene expression quantification of pharmacogenetic targets in dogs.

Background: Quantifying hepatic gene expression is important for many pharmacogenetic studies. However, this usually requires biopsy (BX), which is invasive.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of using minimally invasive fine needle aspirate (FNA) to quantify hepatic gene expression and to assess expression variability between different sampling sites.

The feasibility and utility of optical coherence tomography directed histopathology for surgical margin assessment of canine mast cell tumours.

Histopathologic surgical margin assessment in veterinary patients is an imprecise science with assessment limited to a small proportion of the surgical margin due to time and finances. Incomplete excision of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs) alters treatment recommendations and prognosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel imaging modality that has been reported in a single veterinary study for surgical margin assessment.

Ex vivo comparison of leakage pressures and leakage location with a novel technique for creation of functional side-to-side canine small intestinal anastomoses.

Objective: To determine the ability of functional side-to-side small intestinal anastomoses (FSS-SIA) created with an electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing (EBVS) device to resist leakage.

Study Design: Experimental, ex vivo.

Sample Population: Jejunal segments (n = 130) from 10 healthy canine cadavers.

Brain Tissue Pulmonary Embolism Due to Severe Blunt Force Head Trauma in a Dog.

A 9-week-old male puppy was submitted for necropsy examination after a reported history of developing acute melaena and vomiting blood before death. Grossly, the animal had multiple skull fractures, mostly affecting the occipital region and cranial floor, associated with extensive regions of subcutaneous, periosteal and subdural haemorrhages, as well as petechial haemorrhages within the right middle and caudal lung lobes. Histopathology of the brain revealed multifocal acute meningeal and parenchymal haemorrhage with laceration of the cerebellar folia.

Pharmacokinetics of platinum and safety evaluation of carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads after implantation in healthy cats.

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of platinum (Pt) and safety of carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate (C-I CSH) beads after implantation in healthy cats.

Study Design: In vivo experimental study.

Animals: Six healthy adult cats.

Medulloblastoma in a 6 Year Old Mixed Breed Dog: Surgical Debulking and Chemotherapy.

A medulloblastoma was surgically debulked from a 6 year old American Staffordshire Terrier, who then received a modified lomustine (CCNU), vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone (LOPP) protocol. The dog improved significantly and continued to do well until deterioration and euthanasia 5 months following surgery. This is the first known published case report of surgical cytoreductive surgery of a medulloblastoma in a dog with documented response to surgery and chemotherapy.

MORTALITY INVESTIGATION OF MONITORED EASTERN BOX TURTLES () IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS, USA, FROM 2016-18.

Mortality events in eastern box turtles () threaten conservation efforts across the species range. These events are often under-diagnosed and, when observed, predictive health factors are unavailable prior to death. At Kickapoo State Park in central Illinois, USA, ranaviruses caused observed mortality events in amphibians and chelonians in 2014 and 2015.

Osteoblastoma in the Distal Humerus of a Cat.

A 7-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented with chronic lameness in the right forelimb. A cystic bony lesion was identified in the distal right humerus and amputation was performed. The epiphyseal trabecular bones of the capitulum and trochlea was replaced by a tan to pink, expansile mass that was surrounded by a thin rim of cortical bone.