Interactions between rumen epithelium-associated microbiota and host immunological and metabolic adaptations in response to different milk replacer feeding intensities in dairy calves.

The milk replacer feeding regime in dairy calves has a great impact on metabolic and immunological functioning and affects animal welfare and lifetime performance. The feeding regime influences the rumen microbial composition, and epithelium-associated microbes may interact with the immune system of the host. We examined the correlations between blood leukocyte counts and the rumen epithelium-associated microbiome in dairy calves fed 2 different milk replacer feeding intensities and if these factors related to metabolic traits.

Antibiotics in patients with severe burn injury-A modifiable variable in hypernatremia etiology.

Introduction: Hypernatremia is a common problem among patients with severe burn injuries and seems to be associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome. The current study was designed to evaluate the impact of antibiotics with a high proportion of sodium on this phenomenon.

Methods: All admissions to our burn center from 01/2017 till 06/2023 were retrospectively screened.

Severe Burn Injuries - The Day the Sodium Starts Rising.

Background/aim: The current study was designed to evaluate the etiologies of hypernatremic episodes in patients with severe burn injuries in comparison to critically ill non-burn patients.

Patients And Methods: The retrospective data acquisition was limited to the first 14 days and to patients with at least 20% total body surface area (TBSA) 2 degree burn injuries or more than 10% TBSA when including areas of 3 degree burn injuries. The results were compared to the results of a previously published study that analyzed the risk factors for hypernatremia in 390 non-burn intensive care unit patients.

Effects of rumen cannulation combined with different pre-weaning feeding intensities on the intestinal, splenic and thymic immune system in heifer calves several month after surgery.

Fistulation is a helpful procedure in animal nutritional research and also common practise in human medicine. However, there are indications that alterations in the upper gastrointestinal tract contribute to intestinal immune modulations. The present study aimed to investigate effects of a rumen cannulation in week 3 of life on the intestinal and tissue specific immune system of 34-week old heifers.

Milk Polysialic Acid Levels Rapidly Decrease in Line with the N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Concentrations during Early Lactation in Dairy Cows.

Sialylated milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates have several positive effects on the mucosal barrier, the gut microbiome, and an effective immune system. For this reason, they are important biomolecules for mammary gland health and optimal development of offspring. In milk, the major sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), can be attached as monosialyl-residues or as polymers.

Machine learning for the prediction of preclinical airway management in injured patients: a registry-based trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using machine learning to establish the need for preclinical airway management for injured patients based on a standardized emergency dataset.

Methods: A registry-based, retrospective analysis was conducted of adult trauma patients who were treated by physician-staffed emergency medical services in southwestern Germany between 2018 and 2020. The primary outcome was to assess the feasibility of using the random forest (RF) and Naive Bayes (NB) machine learning algorithms to predict the need for preclinical airway management.

Estradiol production of granulosa cells is unaffected by the physiological mix of nonesterified fatty acids in follicular fluid.

Ovarian cycle is controlled by circulating levels of the steroid hormone 17-β-estradiol, which is predominantly synthesized by the granulosa cells (GCs) of ovarian follicles. Our earlier studies showed that unsaturated fatty acids (USFs) downregulate and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) upregulate estradiol production in GCs. However, it was unclear whether pituitary gonadotropins induce accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the follicular fluid since follicle-stimulating hormone induces and luteinizing hormone inhibits estradiol production in the mammalian ovary.

Effects of different cyclooxygenase inhibitors on prostaglandin E production, steroidogenesis and ovulation of bovine preovulatory follicles.

Ovulation is an inflammation-like process, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent production of prostaglandin E (PGE) is its key mediator. Balanced regulation of inflammatory processes in high-yielding dairy cows may be essential for physiological ovulation and fertility. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying ovulation failure and cyst development after disturbing intrafollicular inflammatory cascades.

Evaluation of blood cell viability rate, gene expression, and O-GlcNAcylation profiles as indicative signatures for fungal stimulation of salmonid cell models.

Fungal diseases of fish are a significant economic problem in aquaculture. Using high-throughput expression analysis, we identified potential transcript markers in primary head kidney and secondary embryonic cells from salmonid fish after stimulation with the inactivated fungi Mucor hiemalis and Fusarium aveneacium and with purified fungal molecular patterns. The transcript levels of most of the 45 selected genes were altered in head-kidney cells after 24 h of stimulation with fungal antigens.

Cellular detection of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in bovine mammary glands and its distribution and regulation on bovine leukocytes.

Mastitis has a high incidence in dairy cows. Experimental infection with Escherichia coli increased the number of leukocytes in milk and the gene expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in mammary gland tissues. A link between CXCR4 expression and lipopolysaccharide sensing was demonstrated in other species using in vitro models.

[Nebulization of emergency medications in the south German rescue service].

Background: In German emergency rescue services, inhalation treatment is routinely carried out by qualified health personnel. Standard operating procedures (SOP) for nebulization are neither uniform throughout Germany nor available in all federal states. Standardized recommendations with respect to which nebulizer type should be used are missing.

Sonographic assessment of pediatric chest wall thickness and width of the intercostal space: correlation with anthropometric data and implications for needle decompression.

Background: Emergent needle decompression in children is a rare event for emergency medicine and critical care providers. Hereby, risk of injury of intrathoracic structures is high and knowledge of age-specific values of chest wall thickness and width of the intercostal space (ICS) is crucial to avoid injuries. Investigation of the correlation of chest wall thickness and width of the intercostal space with age and body dimension like weight and height could provide guidance on depth of insertion and choice of the needle.

[Prehospital treatment of tension pneumothorax in children-which decisions do we make? : Results of a survey among German emergency physicians].

Background: The preclinical treatment of a traumatic or spontaneous tension pneumothorax remains a particular challenge in pediatric patients. Currently recommended interventions for decompression are either finger thoracostomy or needle decompression. Due to the tiny intercostal spaces, finger thoracostomy may not be feasible in small children and surgical preparation may be necessary.

Influences of Maternal Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Essential Fatty Acid Supply During Late Pregnancy and Early Lactation on T and B Cell Subsets in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and the Small Intestine of Neonatal Calves.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are known for their health-promoting effects in mammals and metabolic functions in dairy cows and are synthesized in the forestomach depending on essential fatty acid (EFA) intake. The current preliminary study investigated effects of a maternal fatty acid supplementation (MFAS) during late pregnancy and early lactation with coconut oil (CON, control), CLA (Lutalin®), or CLA + EFA (Lutalin® linseed oil; safflower oil) on plasma fatty acid composition and T and B cell subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and the small intestine of 5-day-old calves. MFAS of CLA + EFA increased α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and -3 fatty acid proportions in calf plasma fat on days 1 and 5 after birth ( < 0.

Morphological and Molecular Features of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Different Types of Synovial Membrane, and Genetic Background of Cell Donors.

Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) have become a great cell source for musculoskeletal stem cell research, especially related to cartilage and bone tissue regeneration, due to their superior cell proliferation properties and multidifferentiation potential into various cell lineages. This study revealed isolation methods, culture conditions, and morphological and molecular characterization of SMSCs derived fibrous synovium (FS) and adipose synovium (FP) of two pig breeds differing in growth performance [German Landrace (DL), and fat deposition (Angeln Saddleback (AS)]. Herein, FS possessed nucleated cell numbers nearly twice as high as those of FP at Passage 0.

Evaluation of Different Positive End-Expiratory Pressures Using Supreme™ Airway Laryngeal Mask during Minor Surgical Procedures in Children.

The laryngeal mask is the method of choice for airway management in children during minor surgical procedures. There is a paucity of data regarding optimal management of mechanical ventilation in these patients. The Supreme™ airway laryngeal mask offers the option to insert a gastric tube to empty the stomach contents of air and/or gastric juice.

The Nipple as a Landmark for Needle Decompression of Tension Pneumothorax in Children - A CT-Based Evaluation and Proposal of an Alternative Insertion Site.

Objective: Needle decompression of tension pneumothorax in children is a rarely encountered but potentially life-saving procedure, that is accompanied by a certain risk of injury. We evaluated the nipple as a landmark for an alternative anterior insertion site and as an aid in localizing lateral insertion sites, as well as its influence on the safety profile of the procedure.

Methods: In thoracic computer tomography scans of children aged 0-10 years, the distance to the closest vital structure was compared between the traditional anterior insertion site (2nd intercostal space midclavicular line) and an alternative anterior insertion site (2nd intercostal space at the nipple line).

Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Bovine Oocyte Competence and Granulosa Cells.

Here we assessed the effects of dietary essential fatty acids on the developmental competence of oocytes in cows and on the functionality of follicular granulosa cells (GC). Lactating German Holstein cows were supplemented from week 9 ante partum (ap) until week 8 post-partum (pp) in four dietary groups designed as (i) control (CTRL: coconut oil), (ii) essential fatty acid (EFA: linseed and safflower oil), (iii) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA: Lutalin®), and (iv) EFA+CLA (mixture of linseed oil, safflower oil and Lutalin®). EFA, CLA or EFA+CLA supplementation did not improve embryo production.

Corrigendum: Endothelial Progenitor and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Newborns With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.

Increased mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Background: The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by pulmonary epithelial and endothelial barrier dysfunction and injury. In severe forms of ARDS, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is often the last option for life support. Endothelial progenitor (EPC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can regenerate damaged endothelium and thereby improve pulmonary endothelial dysfunction.

Induction of cystic ovarian follicles (COFs) in cattle by using an intrafollicular injection of indomethacin.

The aim of this study was to establish a model to induce cystic ovarian follicles (COFs) in cattle using the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. Eighteen Holstein-Frisian cattle were synchronized with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2α) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Ultrasound-guided transvaginal intrafollicular injections were performed in 23 preovulatory follicles with different concentrations of indomethacin 16 h after GnRH administration.

Endothelial Progenitor and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Newborns With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Endothelial progenitor (EPC) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can regenerate damaged endothelium and thereby improve pulmonary endothelial dysfunction. We do not know, how extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) might affect EPC- and MSC-mediated regenerative pathways in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Therefore, we investigated, if ECMO support impacts EPC and MSC numbers in CDH patients.