Histological and chemical view on parotid duct sialolithiasis in the Slovakian warmblood mare.

The parotid duct has been reported to be the most common site of sialoliths in horses. In this case report, we described the first confirmed case of the equine sialolithiasis in Slovakia. The work was aimed to describe the transcutaneous approach to removing the sialolith, which manifested as a hard painless mass in the area of the maxillary cheek teeth, in a 14-year-old Slovakian warmblood mare.

Spinal cord haemangiosarcoma in one dog - Case report.

A 5-year-old intact female Shih Tzu was presented with acute onset of hind leg paralysis. The neurologic examination revealed severe T3-L3 myelopathy. The differential diagnoses included degenerative, anomalous, traumatic, inflammatory, vascular, metabolic, and neoplastic changes.

Modulatory Effect of Beneficial Enterococci and Their Enterocins on the Blood Phagocytes in Murine Experimental Trichinellosis.

Bacteriocins (enterocins) represent a new therapeutic strategy in various intestinal and non-intestinal infections. In antiparasitic defence, an oxidative inflammation of phagocytes is effective in destroying new-born larvae. The strains CCM8558 and ED26E/7 and their enterocins, enterocin M and a durancin-like enterocin, respectively, were administered daily, and mice were then infected with larvae on the seventh day of treatment.

An Overview of the Use and Applications of in Broiler Chickens.

The implementation of government regulations on antibiotic use, along with the public's concern for drug resistance, has strengthened interest in developing alternatives not only aimed at preserving animal production but also at reducing the effects of pathogenic infections. Probiotics, in particular, are considered microorganisms that induce health benefits in the host after consumption of adequate amounts; they have been established as a potential strategy for improving growth, especially by stimulating intestinal homeostasis. Probiotics are commonly associated with lactic acid bacteria, and is a well-studied species recognized for its favorable characteristics, including adhesion to epithelial cells, production of antimicrobial compounds, and activation of receptors that prompt the transcription of immune-associated genes.

Effects of Administration on Intestinal Morphometry and Antibody Serum Levels in -Infantis-Challenged Chickens.

There are no studies reporting the effects of subsp. serovar Infantis (. Infantis) on intestinal architecture and immunoglobulin serum levels in chickens.

Production of Intestinal Mucins, sIgA, and Metallothionein after Administration of Zinc and Infection of in Chickens: Preliminary Data.

The effect of inorganic zinc and Ascaridia galli infection was studied on MUC1, MUC2 (mucin), sIgA (secretory immunoglobulin A), and metallothionein in the intestines of broilers. Thirty-five-day-old chickens (n = 24), COBB 500 breed, were included in a 14-day experiment. Chickens were divided into 4 groups of 6 chickens each: control ©, Ascaridia galli (AG), Zinc group (Zn), and combined group (AG + Zn).

Fowl adenovirus-induced different manifestations of the disease in two consecutive chicken breeding flocks in a poultry hall.

This study investigated an adenovirus infection in two consecutive breeding flocks in the same poultry hall. Thirty-six thousand one-day-old chickens of the ROSS 308 hybrid broiler type were kept together in one hall. The chickens in the first breeding flock during fattening did not show any clinical signs of the disease or increased mortality.

Effects of the Probiotic on Muscle Characteristics of Chickens.

The use of antibiotics in farm animals is one of the main reasons for the development of resistant bacterial strains (e.g., zoonotic pathogens).

A PMAxx qPCR Assay Reveals That Dietary Administration of the Microalgae Does Not Affect Infantis Caecal Content in Early-Treated Broiler Chickens.

serovars cause infections in humans. subsp. serovar Infantis is considered relevant and is commonly reported in poultry products.

The Effect of AL41 on the Acute Phase Proteins and Selected Mucosal Immune Molecules in Broiler Chickens.

Probiotic bacteria, including the strain, can improve intestinal mucosal health by several mechanisms, including modulation of the immune response, as well as by improving the protective function of the epithelial barrier. In this study, we tested the effect of AL41 on the acute phase proteins response (blood), gene expression of selected molecules of mucosal immunity (immunoglobulin A, mucin-2, insulin-like growth factor 2) and mucus production (all parts of the small intestine) in broilers. Eighty broiler chicks were divided into two groups: a control and AL41 (birds were inoculated with AL41 for 7 days) group.

Modulation of lymphocyte subpopulations in the small intestine of mice treated with probiotic bacterial strains and infected with Trichinella spiralis.

Aims: To study the local intestinal lymphocyte immunity in mice with trichinellosis affected by probiotic bacteria.

Methods And Results: Enterococcus faecium CCM8558, Enterococcus durans ED26E/7, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCM7421 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 17 L/1 were administered daily (10  CFU ml ) and mice were infected with Trichinella spiralis (400 larvae) on the 7th day of treatment. T.

Influence of Immune Parameters after AL41 Administration and Infection in Chickens.

Immune response of day-old chicks infected with Enteritidis PT4 and preventive administration of AL41 were studied using hematology and flow cytometry of immunocompetent cells in blood, cecum, bursa and spleen for 11 days, and included 220 animals divided into four groups (n = 55). AL41 was administered for 7 days to EF and EFSE groups and on day 4 SE and EFSE groups were infected with Enteritidis. Values of monocytes at 4 dpi significantly increased in EFSE and lymphocytes at 7 dpi in EF groups.

Administration of Dietary Microalgae Ameliorates Intestinal Parameters, Improves Body Weight, and Reduces Thawing Loss of Fillets in Broiler Chickens: A Pilot Study.

This pilot investigation aimed at studying the feasibility of using a low dose (0.2%) of dietary microalgae as a means of improving intestinal morphometry, body weight, and selected meat quality parameters in broilers. A total of 72 one-day-old ROSS 308 male chicks were randomly separated into four groups; three experimental pens in which the birds were fed with biomass from , , and over 30 days and a control group.

The Probiotic Biocenol CCM 7514 Moderates -Induced Body Weight Impairment by Improving Gut Morphometry and Regulating Cecal Cytokine Abundance in Broiler Chickens.

This research was conducted to investigate if the administration of the probiotic could influence body weight, intestinal morphometry and the cecal cytokine response in -infected chickens. Seventy-two 1-day old COBB 500 male chicks were allocated randomly into four experimental groups. (I) Control group (C), in which chicks were left untreated.

Effects of Supplementation on Body Weight and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in -Challenged Chickens.

Due to the interest in using probiotic bacteria in poultry production, this research was focused on evaluating the effects of Biocenol CCM 7514 administration on body weight gain and cytokine gene expression in chickens challenged with . One-hundred and eight 1-day old COBB 500 broiler chickens were equally assigned to four experimental groups at random. In the control group (C) chicks were left untreated, whereas in groups LB and LBCj a suspension of was administered.

Administration Modulates Cytokine Expression and Lymphocyte Subpopulation Levels in Broiler Chickens Challenged with .

This investigation was performed to assess the supplementation of probiotics on cytokine expression and lymphocyte subpopulation in challenged chickens. Thirty-six individuals were equally separated into four experimental treatments: C = untreated chickens, LB = probiotic control (), Cc = -challenged control, LBCc = probiotic + Cc. All chicks were slaughtered and cecum samples were collected on day 4 postinfection.

Cytokine response after stimulation of culture cells by zinc and probiotic strain.

Intestinal porcine epithelial cells were used for an in vitro analysis of mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-18) and transcriptional factors (MyD88 and NF-κβ). Cells were exposed to inorganic and organic zinc sources (in two different concentrations-50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L) alone or combined with Lactobacillus reuteri B6/1, which was also applied individually. The total exposure time was 4 h.

The influence of Farmatan® and Flimabend® on the mucosal immunity of broiler chicken1.

The aim of the present study was to monitor selected parameters of mucosal immunity in jejunum and ileum (immunoglobulin A [IgA], mucin 2 [MUC-2], and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in commercial broiler farm chicken after treatment with flubendazole (Flimabend®) and natural extract from chestnut wood (Farmatan®). A total of 24 forty-day-old Kalimero-Super Master hybrid chickens were divided into 4 groups (n = 6): the Fli group received Flimabend® per os, 100 mg/g suspension in 1.43 mg of active substance/kg body weight during 7 d of experiment; the Far group received Farmatan®per os at 0.

Influence of oral application of Enterococcus faecium AL41 on TGF-β4 and IL-17 expression and immunocompetent cell distribution in chickens challenged with Campylobacter jejuni.

Campylobacteriosis is mainly caused by infection with Campylobacter jejuni following consumption or handling of Campylobacter-contaminated poultry meat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecium AL41 on TGF-β4 and IL-17 expression and on immunocompetent cell distribution after C. jejuni infection in broiler chicken, as a second part of the previous study of Karaffová et al.

One-year oral toxicity study on a genetically modified maize MON810 variety in Wistar Han RCC rats (EU 7th Framework Programme project GRACE).

The GRACE (GMO Risk Assessment and Communication of Evidence; www.grace-fp7.eu ) project was funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme.

Effect of probiotic bacteria on phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.

This study focusses on the effect of probiotic (bacteriocinogenic) strains on parasite infection and innate immunity - phagocytosis and oxidative burst of blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. Bacteriocinogenic and probiotic strains of different origin (Enterococcus faecium AL41=CCM8558, Enterococcus durans ED26E/7, Lactobacillus fermentum AD1=CCM7421, Lactobacillus plantarum 17L/1) were administered daily in dose of 10CFU/ml in 100μl and mice were infected with 400 larvae of T. spiralis on 7th day of treatment.

IgA gene expression and quantification of cecal IgA+, IgM+, and CD4+ cells in chickens treated with EFAL41 and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis.

IgA gene expression and quantification of mucous IgA+, IgM+ and CD4+ lymphocytes in the cecum of chicks was studied by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. A total of 220 1-day-old Salmonella-free chicks of Cobb 500 were divided into four groups (n=55). Group 1 served as control (C), group 2 was pretreated with probiotic bacterial strain Enterococus faecium AL41 (EFAL41), group 3 was infected with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (SE), and group 4 was pretreated with E.

Interaction of TGF-β4 and IL-17 with IgA secretion in the intestine of chickens fed with E. faecium AL41 and challenged with S. Enteritidis.

The relative mRNA expression of IgA, TGF-β4, IL-17, and concentration of secretory IgA (sIgA) in small intestine of chickens pretreated with Enterococcus faecium AL41 and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 were studied. Salmonella-free day-old chicks (40) Cobb 500 breed, were divided into four groups of 10 chicks each (n = 10): control (C), treated with E. faecium AL41 strain (EFAL41), challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (SE), and combined (EFAL41+SE).

Ninety-day oral toxicity studies on two genetically modified maize MON810 varieties in Wistar Han RCC rats (EU 7th Framework Programme project GRACE).

The GMO Risk Assessment and Communication of Evidence (GRACE; www.grace-fp7.eu ) project is funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme.