Bone mineral density in young women with primary ovarian insufficiency: results of a three-year randomized controlled trial of physiological transdermal estradiol and testosterone replacement.

Context: Women with primary ovarian insufficiency have significantly lower serum estradiol and T levels compared with regularly menstruating women. They also have significantly reduced bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of hormone replacement in maintaining BMD in these young women.

Effects of physiologic testosterone therapy on quality of life, self-esteem, and mood in women with primary ovarian insufficiency.

Objective: Women with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) display low androgen levels, which could contribute to mood and behavioral symptoms observed in this condition. We examined the effects of physiologic testosterone therapy added to standard estrogen/progestin therapy on quality of life, self-esteem, and mood in women with POI.

Methods: One hundred twenty-eight women with 46,XX spontaneous POI participated in a 12-month randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-design investigation of the efficacy of testosterone augmentation of estrogen/progestin therapy.

Depression in women with spontaneous 46, XX primary ovarian insufficiency.

Context: A high prevalence of depressive symptoms is observed in women with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) compared with women in whom the menopause is normally timed. Indeed, studies suggest that depression and/or its pharmacological treatment contribute to the onset of POI.

Objectives: We characterize the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the timing of onset of clinically significant depression relative to both the diagnosis of POI and the onset of menstrual irregularity in women with POI.

A prospective evaluation of antral follicle function in women with 46,XX spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency.

Objective: To assess ovarian follicle function in women with 46,XX spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency.

Design: Case-control with nested prospective cohort.

Setting: Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health.

Bone mineral density in estrogen-deficient young women.

Context: Osteoporosis primarily affects postmenopausal women. However, young women with estrogen deficiency also are at increased risk for low bone density.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess bone density and associated risk factors for reduced bone density in young, estrogen-deficient women using primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) as the disease model.

The psychosocial transition associated with spontaneous 46,XX primary ovarian insufficiency: illness uncertainty, stigma, goal flexibility, and purpose in life as factors in emotional health.

Objective: To examine factors associated with emotional well-being in women with spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency.

Design: Cross-sectional and case-control study.

Setting: Clinical research center, national U.

Women with spontaneous 46,XX primary ovarian insufficiency (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism) have lower perceived social support than control women.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that women with spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency differ from control women with regard to perceived social support and to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and self-esteem.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Mark O.

Sexual function in young women with spontaneous 46,XX primary ovarian insufficiency.

Objective: To assess sexual function in women with spontaneous 46,XX primary ovarian insufficiency after at least 3 months of a standardized hormone replacement regimen.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort, controlled.

Setting: National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Center.

Normalization of serum luteinizing hormone levels in women with 46,XX spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency.

Objective: To determine the proportion of women with primary ovarian insufficiency who achieve normal serum LH levels on transdermal E(2) therapy.

Design: Prospective.

Setting: Clinical research center at a national US health research facility.

Functional well-being is positively correlated with spiritual well-being in women who have spontaneous premature ovarian failure.

Objective: To examine the relationship between spiritual well-being and functional well-being in women who have spontaneous premature ovarian failure.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: The Mark O.

Testosterone deficiency in young women with 46,XX spontaneous premature ovarian failure.

Objective: To determine whether women with 46,XX spontaneous premature ovarian failure have lower serum free-T levels than do control women.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Center.

Effects of ovarian failure and X-chromosome deletion on body composition and insulin sensitivity in young women.

Objective: Menopause is associated with increased visceral adiposity and reduced insulin sensitivity. It remains unclear whether these changes are due primarily to ovarian failure or aging. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of ovarian failure on body composition and insulin sensitivity in young women.

Investigation of the human stem cell factor KIT ligand gene, KITLG, in women with 46,XX spontaneous premature ovarian failure.

Objective: To investigate mutations in the human KIT ligand gene (KITLG) gene as a mechanism of 46,XX spontaneous premature ovarian failure. The human KIT ligand gene, known also as human stem cell factor, is the ligand of the c-kit transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor (KIT). This ligand-receptor interaction is known to play important roles in mouse germ cell migration and proliferation.

A woman with spontaneous premature ovarian failure gives birth to a child with fragile X syndrome.

Objective: To inform clinicians about a reproductive risk associated with spontaneous premature ovarian failure and the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1).

Design: Case report.

Setting: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.

Pilot study investigating the age-related decline in ovarian function of regularly menstruating normal women.

Objective: To use a pilot study to investigate markers of the age-related decline in ovarian function of regularly menstruating normal women.

Design: Prospective.

Setting: Tertiary research center.

Autoimmune oophoritis as a mechanism of follicular dysfunction in women with 46,XX spontaneous premature ovarian failure.

Objective: To assess the association between serum adrenal cortex autoantibodies and histologically confirmed autoimmune lymphocytic oophoritis.

Design: Controlled, prospective.

Setting: Tertiary research center.

Screening for known mutations in EIF2B genes in a large panel of patients with premature ovarian failure.

BACKGROUND: Premature Ovarian Failure (POF), defined as the development of hypergonadotropic amenorrhea before the age of 40 years, occurs in about 1% of all women. Other than karyotype abnormalities, very few genes are known to be associated with this ovarian dysfunction. Recently, in seven patients who presented with POF and white matter abnormalities on MRI (ovarioleukodystrophy) eight mutationswere found in EIF2B2, 4 and 5.

Dry eye signs and symptoms in women with premature ovarian failure.

Objective: To examine whether women with premature ovarian failure (POF) have abnormal findings in ocular surface or tear parameters and whether they report symptoms of ocular discomfort compared with age-matched controls.

Methods: Sixty-five patients with POF and 36 age-matched healthy controls were examined for signs and symptoms of dry eye. The Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire and the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ 25) were administered to the participants.

Investigation of KIT gene mutations in women with 46,XX spontaneous premature ovarian failure.

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous premature ovarian failure presents most commonly with secondary amenorrhea. Young women with the disorder are infertile and experience the symptoms and sequelae of estrogen deficiency. The mechanisms that give rise to spontaneous premature ovarian failure are largely unknown, but many reports suggest a genetic mechanism in some cases.

Meeting the needs of young women with secondary amenorrhea and spontaneous premature ovarian failure.

Objective: To investigate the experiences of young women with spontaneous premature ovarian failure with regard to the initial presenting symptom, promptness of diagnosis, and patient education.

Methods: We asked 50 patients previously diagnosed with spontaneous premature ovarian failure to participate in a structured interview survey consisting of 38 true-or-false, multiple-choice, and open-ended questions.

Results: Disturbance in menstrual pattern was the most common initial symptom in the 48 women who completed the interview (44 of 48, 92%).