Erosive and cariogenicity potential of pediatric drugs: study of physicochemical parameters.

Background: Pediatric medications may possess a high erosive potential to dental tissues due to the existence of acid components in their formulations. The purpose was to determine the erosive and cariogenic potential of pediatric oral liquid medications through the analysis of their physicochemical properties in vitro.

Methods: A total of 59 substances were selected from the drug reference list of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), which belong to 11 therapeutic classes, as follows: analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, corticosteroids, antihistamines, antitussives, bronchodilators, antibacterials, antiparasitics, antiemetics, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics.

Proteomic analysis reveals differentially regulated protein acetylation in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have neuroprotective effects potentially useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including ALS; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying their potential efficacy is not well understood. Here we report that protein acetylation in urea-soluble proteins is differently regulated in post-mortem ALS spinal cord.

Phenotypic impact of deregulated expression of class I histone deacetylases in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Deregulated expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Herein, we investigated class I HDACs expression in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (BUCC), its prognostic value and biological significance. Significantly increased transcript levels of all HDACs were found in BUCC compared to 20 normal mucosas, and these were higher in lower grade and stage tumors.

Habronema muscae (Nematoda: Habronematidae) larvae: developmental stages, migration route and morphological changes in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).

The present paper describes the morphological modifications occurring during the larval development of Habronema muscae (Nematoda: Habronematidae) in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), along with the reactions caused by parasitism and the migration route of the nematodes inside the flies. Houseflies were reared on faeces of a H. muscae-infected horse, then dissected and processed by histology.

Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) tornquisti n. sp. (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) from corocoro grunt, Orthopristis ruber (Cuvier, 1830) (Perciformes: Haemulidae) from Southeastern Brazil.

Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) tornquisti n. sp. is described from the intestine of the marine fish Orthopristis ruber (Haemulidae) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Identification of molecular and physiological responses to chronic environmental challenge in an invasive species: the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.

Understanding the environmental responses of an invasive species is critical in predicting how ecosystem composition may be transformed in the future, especially under climate change. In this study, Crassostrea gigas, a species well adapted to the highly variable intertidal environment, was exposed to the chronic environmental challenges of temperature (19 and 24°C) and pH (ambient seawater and a reduction of 0.4 pH units) in an extended 3-month laboratory-based study.

The PICO project: aquatic exercise for knee osteoarthritis in overweight and obese individuals.

Background: Aquatic exercise is recommended by the Osteoarthritis Research Society (OARSI), by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) as a nonpharmacological method of controlling the knee osteoarthritis (KOA) symptoms. Moreover, given that weight loss results in a reduction of the load that is exerted upon the knee during daily activities, obesity is also considered to be a modifiable risk factor for the development and or exacerbation of KOA. The implementation of an exercise based weight loss program may, however, itself be limited by the symptoms of KOA.

Deregulated expression of selected histone methylases and demethylases in prostate carcinoma.

Prostate cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, arises through the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Deregulation of histone methyltransferases (HMTs) or demethylases (HDMs) has been associated with PCa development and progression. However, the precise influence of altered HMTs or HDMs expression and respective histone marks in PCa onset and progression remains largely unknown.

C57BL/6J congenic Prp-TDP43A315T mice develop progressive neurodegeneration in the myenteric plexus of the colon without exhibiting key features of ALS.

ALS therapy development has been hindered by the lack of rodent animal models. The discovery of TDP-43, a transcription factor that accumulates in the cytoplasm of motor neurons (MNs) in most cases of ALS, prompted attempts to develop TDP-43-based models of the disease. The current study sought to examine, in extensive detail, the emerging disease phenotype of a transgenic mouse model that overexpresses a mutant human TDP-43 (hTDP-43) gene under mouse prion promoter control.

The influence of Pilates method in quality of life of practitioners.

Introduction: The priority of Pilates is to obtain physical and mental health, including flexibility, in a secure and balanced way.

Aim: To verify the change in the quality of life of practitioners of the Pilates method.

Methodology: Descriptive observational study of 74 Pilates practitioners divided into 3 groups: practitioner for up to three months; practitioner for more than 1 year; and ex-practitioners.

Morphofunctional changes of female germinal epithelium to support spermatozoa along the annual reproductive cycle in an inseminating catfish (Trachelyopterus galeatus, Auchenipteridae).

The reproductive system of some fish species presents elaborate mechanisms by which the females store spermatozoa inside their ovaries, keeping them viable for fertilization for an extended period of time. However, as intriguing as this sperm storage is, it is not yet understood how the sperm can remain viable in the ovary. Aiming to understand this phenomenon, the epithelium covering the ovarian lamellae, that is, the germinal epithelium, of the Cangati (Trachelyopterus galeatus), an inseminating catfish, was evaluated taking into account the different stages of the annual reproductive cycle.

Precipitating factors of porphyria cutanea tarda in Brazil with emphasis on hemochromatosis gene (HFE) mutations. Study of 60 patients.

Background: Porphyria cutanea tarda is the most common form of porphyria, characterized by the decreased activity of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase enzyme. Several reports associated HFE gene mutations of hereditary hemochromatosis with porphyria cutanea tarda worldwide, although up to date only one study has been conducted in Brazil.

Objectives: Investigation of porphyria cutanea tarda association with C282Y and H63D mutations in the HFE gene.

Evaluation of total soluble solids content (TSSC) and endogenous pH in antimicrobials of pediatric use.

Background: The use of liquid pharmaceutical preparations is a daily occurrence for some children. Evidences show a significant relation between the intake of oral sucrose based medicines and an increase incidence in dental caries.

Aim: This in vitro experimental study evaluated the Total Soluble Solids Content (TSSC) by means of Brix scale refractometry and the endogenous pH of antimicrobials of pediatric use presented as oral suspensions.

Congenital drainage at the base of the neck.

Heterotopic salivary gland tissue consists of otherwise normal salivary tissue, but occurs at a site in which it is normally not present (outside of the major, minor, and accessory salivary glands), with absence of clinical and histological features of branchial cleft anomalies. We herein present a 7-year-old boy with drainage from a small, congenital cystic lesion located at the base of the neck, which was histologically confirmed as salivary gland tissue.

Near infrared emission photometer for measuring the oxidative stability of edible oils.

Near infrared emission spectroscopy (NIRES) allows the determination of the induction time (IT) of edible oils in accelerated oxidation experiments by monitoring the emissivity of a band at 2900 nm, which corresponds to the formation of hydroperoxides. In this work, a new near infrared emission photometer dedicated to the determination of oxidative stability is described. The photometer presents several advantages compared to the previously reported NIRES instrument, such as lower cost and extreme simplicity of design and maintenance.

Quantifying population genetic differentiation from next-generation sequencing data.

Over the past few years, new high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have dramatically increased speed and reduced sequencing costs. However, the use of these sequencing technologies is often challenged by errors and biases associated with the bioinformatical methods used for analyzing the data. In particular, the use of naïve methods to identify polymorphic sites and infer genotypes can inflate downstream analyses.

Antigenic Peptides Capable of Inducing Specific Antibodies for Detection of the Major Alterations Found in Type 2B Von Willebrand Disease.

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is an inherited hemorrhagic disorder promoted by either quantitative or qualitative defects of the von Willebrand factor (VWF). The disease represents the most common human coagulopathy afflicting 1.3% of the population.

Estimating inbreeding coefficients from NGS data: Impact on genotype calling and allele frequency estimation.

Most methods for next-generation sequencing (NGS) data analyses incorporate information regarding allele frequencies using the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) as a prior. However, many organisms including those that are domesticated, partially selfing, or with asexual life cycles show strong deviations from HWE. For such species, and specially for low-coverage data, it is necessary to obtain estimates of inbreeding coefficients (F) for each individual before calling genotypes.

Comparative study of the soft tissue of young Japanese-Brazilian, Caucasian and Mongoloid patients.

Objective: To determine the normality mean values in the soft tissue cephalometric measurements of young Japanese-Brazilian, with normal occlusion and to compare the results of the variables with compatible samples of young Caucasians and Mongoloids.

Methods: Forty radiographs of young Caucasians, 32 of Japanese-Brazilians and 33 of Mongoloids were used. The three samples presented individuals with normal occlusion and well-balanced face.

ET AAS evaluation of the stability and pH-sensitivity of, pH-sensitive stealth liposomes containing cisplatin in mouse plasma.

In this work, stability and the pH-sensitivity of pH-sensitive stealth liposomes containing cisplatin exposed to plasma medium and their subsequent responses to pH modifications were evaluated. A method to determine platin in mouse plasma by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET AAS) was developed and validated. At first, a comparative study of sample preparation treatments with basic, acidic, and acidic added with Triton X-100 as a modifier was done.

Mean surface temperature prediction models for broiler chickens-a study of sensible heat flow.

Body surface temperature can be used to evaluate thermal equilibrium in animals. The bodies of broiler chickens, like those of all birds, are partially covered by feathers. Thus, the heat flow at the boundary layer between broilers' bodies and the environment differs between feathered and featherless areas.

Alternative approach to calculate two-center overlap matrix through deformed exponential function.

In this work, we propose an alternative approach to evaluate two-center overlap integrals. It is computationally more efficient than the standard procedure and is based on the deformed exponential function. In the new procedure, the CPU time to calculate each element of the overlap matrix (Sμ,ν) is constant and independent of the number of Gaussian primitives (NG), whereas in the usual procedure this time increases, formally, with NG2.

Randomized phase III trial of single-agent pemetrexed versus carboplatin and pemetrexed in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2.

Purpose: To compare single-agent pemetrexed (P) versus the combination of carboplatin and pemetrexed (CP) in first-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 2.

Patients And Methods: In a multicenter phase III randomized trial, patients with advanced NSCLC, ECOG PS of 2, any histology at first and later amended to nonsquamous only, no prior chemotherapy, and adequate organ function were randomly assigned to P alone (500 mg/m(2)) or CP (area under the curve of 5 and 500 mg/m(2), respectively) administered every 3 weeks for a total of four cycles. The primary end point was overall survival (OS).