Ruptured Ovarian Mature Teratoma in a Pregnant Woman with Severe Chemical Peritonitis: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) account for about 25% of ovarian lesions. They are usually asymptomatic, but can complicate pregnancies if they lead to ovarian torsion or chemical peritonitis due to spontaneous rupture. CASE REPORT A 31-year-old woman who was gravida 4, para 1, aborta 1 at 26 weeks 0 days gestation presented with nonspecific, severe, acute-onset abdominal pain, which persisted despite conservative measures.

Food is Medicine Initiative for Mitigating Food Insecurity in the United States.

Objectives: While several food assistance programs in the United States tackle food insecurity, a relatively new program, "Food is Medicine," (FIM) initiated in some cities not only addresses food insecurity but also targets chronic diseases by customizing the food delivered to its recipients. This review describes federal programs providing food assistance and evaluates the various sub-programs categorized under the FIM initiative.

Methods: A literature search was conducted from July 7, 2023 to November 9, 2023 using the search term, "Food is Medicine", to identify articles indexed within three major electronic databases, PubMed, Medline, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL).

Telehealth Technologies in Diabetes Self-management and Education.

Background: The coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) forced worldwide recognition and implementation of telehealth as a means of providing continuity of care by varied health care institutions. Diabetes is a global health threat with rates that continue to accelerate, thereby causing an increased need for clinicians to provide diabetes care and education to keep up with demand. Utilizing technology to provide education via phone/smartphone, video/audio, web, text message, mobile apps, or a combination of these methods can help improve patient access and clinical outcomes, cut costs, and close gaps in care.

A qualitative assessment of diabetes care access and disease management in Central America.

Background: Diabetes is a growing concern in low-and middle-income countries. Medical missions play a role in increasing access to care and medicines, but often ignore non-communicable disease prevention and advanced management. Increased knowledge of local community needs and resources can lead to the development and implementation of pharmacist-supported interventions to improve diabetes management in rural areas.

Mental health disorders and substance use among people living with HIV in Nepal: their influence on non-adherence to anti-retroviral therapy.

People living with HIV often experience mental health disorders and engage in substance use. Evidence, however, is limited about the influence of mental health disorders and substance use on non-adherence to ART. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 682 HIV-positive people on ART in Nepal.

Investigating the impact of a community home-based care on mental health and anti-retroviral therapy adherence in people living with HIV in Nepal: a community intervention study.

Background: HIV-positive people often experience mental health disorders and engage in substance use when the disease progresses. In resource limited settings, mental health services are not integrated into HIV services. In Nepal, HIV-positive people do receive psychosocial support and other basic health care services from a community home-based care intervention; however, the effects of the intervention on health outcomes is not yet known.

Harmful alcohol drinking among HIV-positive people in Nepal: an overlooked threat to anti-retroviral therapy adherence and health-related quality of life.

Background: People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) often suffer from alcohol-use disorders resulting in their poor health and treatment outcomes. Little is known about the association of harmful alcohol drinking with their adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and health-related quality of life (QOL) in low-resource settings.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate associations between harmful alcohol drinking, adherence to ART and health-related QOL in HIV-positive people, stratified by gender, in Nepal.

Predicting health-related quality of life in people living with HIV in Nepal: mental health disorders and substance use determinants.

HIV-positive people often experience mental health disorders and engage in substance use. Such conditions tend to impair their health-related quality of life (QOL). Evidence, however, is limited about the influence of mental health disorders and substance use on QOL by gender.

Cross-cultural gene- environment interactions in depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and the cortisol awakening response: FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood trauma in South Asia.

Despite increased attention to global mental health, psychiatric genetic research has been dominated by studies in high-income countries, especially with populations of European descent. The objective of this study was to assess single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FKBP5 gene in a population living in South Asia. Among adults in Nepal, depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and childhood maltreatment with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).

Does active dissemination of evidence result in faster knowledge transfer than passive diffusion?: An analysis of trends of the management of pediatric asthma and croup in US emergency departments from 1995 to 2009.

Objective: This study aimed to compare knowledge transfer (KT) in the emergency department (ED) management of pediatric asthma and croup by measuring trends in corticosteroid use for both conditions in EDs.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data between 1995 and 2009 of corticosteroid use at ED visits for asthma or croup was conducted. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using logistic regression.

Can incorporating inpatient overnight work hours into a pediatric clerkship improve the clerkship experience for students?

Purpose: After incorporating medical students into pediatric resident night-float teams, the authors studied the effects of the new schedule on (1) cognitive performance, (2) number of new admissions, (3) clerkship satisfaction, and (4) amount and quality of resident teaching.

Method: Part 1 was a retrospective historical controls study. The intervention was a schedule change that eliminated inpatient call.

Political violence and mental health in Nepal: prospective study.

Background: Post-conflict mental health studies in low-income countries have lacked pre-conflict data to evaluate changes in psychiatric morbidity resulting from political violence.

Aims: This prospective study compares mental health before and after exposure to direct political violence during the People's War in Nepal.

Method: An adult cohort completed the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory in 2000 prior to conflict violence in their community and in 2007 after the war.

Seasonal variation in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has been reported to occur in a sporadic manner and in clusters of cases. We hypothesized that variations in the incidence of NEC were random, without clustering. In order to define the pattern of NEC in the United States, we analyzed the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to evaluate whether NEC cases are distributed randomly or exhibit temporal clustering or periodicity.

Benchmarks for the emergency department care of children with asthma, bronchiolitis, and croup.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to measure the 2005 performance of freestanding children's hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the care of children with asthma, bronchiolitis, and croup (ABC) using 5 clinical quality indicators and (2) to construct achievable benchmarks for 7 clinical quality indicators of ED care for children with ABC for 2005.

Methods: This was a retrospective review using the Pediatric Health Information System database containing information on 1,468,607 (2005) discharges. Performance on 5 established clinical quality indicators for ABC was determined in patients younger than 19 years at 27 hospital EDs in the United States.

State-level child health system performance and the likelihood of readmission to children's hospitals.

Objectives: To assess the relationship between children's hospital readmission and the performance of child health systems in the states in which hospitals are located.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 197,744 patients 2 to 18 years old from 39 children's hospitals located in 24 states in the United States in 2005. Subjects were observed for a year after discharge for readmission to the same hospital.

Effective educational instruction in preventive oral health: hands-on training versus web-based training.

Objective: To assess the effect of Web-based training (WBT) on resident knowledge of preventive oral health and compare the addition of hands-on training (HOT) to WBT on resident skills, confidence opinions, and practice.

Methods: Pediatric residents participated in a WBT on preventive oral health. After the WBT, subjects were randomly assigned to receive HOT by a dentist (WBT + HOT) or WBT alone.

Culture in psychiatric epidemiology: using ethnography and multiple mediator models to assess the relationship of caste with depression and anxiety in Nepal.

Background: The causes of ethnic and caste-based disparities in mental health are poorly understood.

Aim: The study aimed to identify mediators underlying caste-based disparities in mental health in Nepal.

Subjects And Methods: A mixed methods ethnographic and epidemiological study of 307 adults (Dalit/Nepali, n=75; high caste Brahman and Chhetri, n=232) was assessed with Nepali versions of Beck Depression (BDI) and Anxiety (BAI) Inventories.

How well can hospital readmission be predicted in a cohort of hospitalized children? A retrospective, multicenter study.

Background: Children with complex chronic conditions depend on both their families and systems of pediatric health care, social services, and financing. Investigations into the workings of this ecology of care would be advanced by more accurate methods of population-level predictions of the likelihood for future hospitalization.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Quality of care for common pediatric respiratory illnesses in United States emergency departments: analysis of 2005 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Data.

Objective: The goal was to measure US emergency department performance in the pediatric care of asthma, bronchiolitis, and croup, by using systematically developed quality indicators.

Methods: Data on visits to emergency departments by children 1 to 19 years of age with moderate/severe asthma, 3 months to 2 years of age with bronchiolitis, and 3 months to 3 years of age with croup from the 2005 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, with a nationally representative sample of US patients, were analyzed. We used national rates of use of corticosteroids, antibiotics, and radiographs as our main outcome measures.

A multicenter study of factors influencing cerebrospinal fluid shunt survival in infants and children.

Objectives: To identify factors influencing the duration of cerebrospinal fluid shunt survival after initial placement and after subsequent revisions.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System database, which contains resource use data from 37 tertiary care children's hospitals. Children younger than 18 years who underwent initial cerebrospinal fluid placement between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2005, were eligible.