Resource and Service Use after Discharge Among Infants 22-25 Weeks Estimated Gestational Age at the First High-Risk Infant Follow-Up Visit in California.

Objective: To examine resource and service use after discharge among infants born extraordinarily preterm in California who attended high-risk infant follow-up (HRIF) clinic by 12 months corrected age.

Study Design: We included infants born 2010-2017 between 22 + 0/7 and 25 + 6/7 weeks' gestational age in the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative and California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative-California Children's Services HRIF databases. We evaluated rates of hospitalization, surgeries, medications, equipment, medical service and special service use, and referrals.

Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Hospitalized Patients.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection has recently attracted widespread attention due to its limited treatment options and significant morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to examine the relationship between risk factors and antimicrobial resistance in individuals with and without diabetes for the development of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae infections.

A Study of Community-Acquired Pyodermas with Special Reference to Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-Positive Methicillin-Resistant .

Background: Community-acquired (CA) pyodermas are one of the most common infections encountered in the dermatology outpatient clinics. A significant number of these conditions are caused by . CA-methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and CA-methicillin-resistant (MRSA) have specific virulence genes which are associated with these diseases, particularly the Panton-Valentine leukocidin () genes.

POCUS increases successful placement of peripheral arterial lines in neonates by less experienced providers.

To assess success of peripheral arterial line (PAL) placement after implementing a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) program in a neonatal intensive care unit. This was a retrospective chart review of infants who underwent successful PAL placement from January 2019 to March 2021. Outcomes included first-attempt success and the number of attempts with and without the use of POCUS.

Clinical and Molecular Profile of Carbapenem Resistant Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital -Mangalore.

Purpose: Carbapenemase producing infection has increased in recent years, leading to limitations in treatment options. The present study was undertaken to detect the Carbapenemase-producing genes in , the risk factors for acquiring them, and their impact on clinical outcomes.

Patients And Methods: This prospective study included 786 clinically significant .

Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of quaternary ammonium-based polymerizable antimicrobial monomers for prosthodontic applications.

The present study aims to synthesize and characterize two quaternary ammonium (QAM) based monomers such as - dimethyl-hexadecyl-methacryloxyethyl-ammonium iodide (DHMAI) and 2-dimethyl-2-dodecyl-1-methacryloxyethyl ammonium iodine (DDMAI) and assess their cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties. The study also aims to incorporate the optimized concentration of these monomers as copolymerizing monomers into conventional Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin and evaluate their suitability for prosthetic applications. DHMAI and DDMAI monomers were synthesized through a Menschutkin reaction and their chemical structure was characterized using FT-IR and H-NMR spectroscopy.

Implementation of a Bedside Point-of-Care Ultrasound Program in a Large Academic Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objectives: In the adult and pediatric critical care population, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can aid in diagnosis, patient management, and procedural accuracy. For neonatal providers, training in ultrasound and the use of ultrasound for diagnosis and management is increasing, but use in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is still uncommon compared with other critical care fields. Our objective was to describe the process of implementing a POCUS program in a large academic NICU and evaluate the role of ultrasound in neonatal care during early adaption of this program.

How to Minimize Patient Anxiety From Screening Mammography.

Anxiety has been portrayed by the media and some organizations and societies as one of the harms of mammography. However, one experiences anxiety in multiple different medical tests that are undertaken, including screening examinations; it is not unique to mammography. Some may argue that because this anxiety is transient, the so-called harm is potentially overstated, but for some women the anxiety is significant.

A descriptive analysis of antimicrobial resistance patterns of WHO priority pathogens isolated in children from a tertiary care hospital in India.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has articulated a priority pathogens list (PPL) to provide strategic direction to research and develop new antimicrobials. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of WHO PPL in a tertiary health care facility in Southern India were explored to understand the local priority pathogens. Culture reports of laboratory specimens collected between 1st January 2014 and 31st October 2019 from paediatric patients were extracted.

Factors associated with follow-up of infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in a high-risk infant clinic in California.

Objective: To determine the rates of high-risk infant follow-up (HRIF) attendance and the characteristics associated with follow-up among infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in California.

Study Design: Using population-based datasets, 1314 infants with HIE born in 2010-2016 were evaluated. The characteristics associated with follow-up were identified through multivariable logistic regression.

Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations: African American Women Are at a Disadvantage.

Since 1990, breast cancer mortality has decreased by 40% in white women but only 26% in African American women. The age at diagnosis of breast cancer is younger in black women. Breast cancer diagnosed before age 50 represents 23% of all breast cancers in African American women but only 16% of all breast cancers in white women.

Racial/ethnic disparities and human milk use in necrotizing enterocolitis.

Background: The impact of human milk use on racial/ethnic disparities in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) incidence is unknown.

Methods: Trends in NEC incidence and human milk use at discharge were evaluated by race/ethnicity among 47,112 very low birth weight infants born in California from 2008 to 2017. We interrogated the association between race/ethnicity and NEC using multilevel regression analysis, and evaluated the effect of human milk use at discharge on the relationship between race/ethnicity and NEC using mediation analysis.

Improved Referral of Very Low Birthweight Infants to High-Risk Infant Follow-Up in California.

Objective: To examine changes in referral rates of very low birthweight (birthweight <1500 g) infants to high-risk infant follow-up in California and identify factors associated with referral before and after implementation of a statewide initiative in 2013 to address disparities in referral.

Study Design: We included very low birthweight infants born 2010-2016 in the population-based California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative who survived to discharge home. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine factors associated with referral and derive risk-adjusted referral rates by neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and region.

Clinical deterioration during neonatal transport in California.

Objective: Identify clinical factors, transport characteristics and transport time intervals associated with clinical deterioration during neonatal transport in California.

Study Design: Population-based database was used to evaluate 47,794 infants transported before 7 days after birth from 2007 to 2016. Log binomial regression was used to estimate relative risks.

Improving Uptake of Key Perinatal Interventions Using Statewide Quality Collaboratives.

Regional and statewide quality improvement collaboratives have been instrumental in implementing evidence-based practices and facilitating quality improvement initiatives within neonatology. Statewide collaboratives emerged from larger collaborative organizations, like the Vermont Oxford Network, and play an increasing role in collecting and interpreting data, setting priorities for improvement, disseminating evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, and creating regional networks for synergistic learning. In this review, we highlight examples of successful statewide collaborative initiatives, as well as challenges that exist in initiating and sustaining collaborative efforts.

Maternal body mass index and risk of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.

BackgroundIntraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and pre-pregnancy obesity and underweight have been linked to inflammatory states. We hypothesize that IVH in preterm infants is associated with pre-pregnancy obesity and underweight due to an inflammatory intrauterine environment.MethodsPopulation-based study of infants born between 22 and 32 weeks' gestation from 2007 to 2011.

Does the use of pretreatment MRI change the management of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer?

Breast MRI plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of preoperative breast MRI on the management of a large cohort of breast cancer patients at our institution. This study is a retrospective chart review of all newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who underwent preoperative breast MRI at our institution between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009.

Refractory Chylous Ascites Secondary to Neuroblastoma.

Background: Neonatal ascites is a complex condition that often poses a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. We present a case of neonatal ascites secondary to neuroblastoma.

Case Presentation: Our neonatal patient had congenital and recurrent chylous ascites despite multiple postnatal paracenteses, which resolved with complete resection of a retroperitoneal neoplasm.

Estimation of Antimicrobial Properties of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of () on Oral Microbial Pathogens - An Study.

Introduction: Twigs of (Miswak) plant are being used as a means of oral hygiene since ages for brushing teeth. Though clinical research and trials have shown promising results on effectiveness of Miswak, but some reports are conflicting.

Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of crude aqueous and alcoholic extracts of (Miswak) against the common microbial pathogens causing dental caries and periodontitis.

Myxoid mesenchymal neoplasm presenting as massive arm and chest wall oedema with pleural effusion.

Myxoid mesenchymal tumours are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterised histologically by their abundant mucoid and myxoid extracellular matrix (ECM). Encompassing a broad spectrum of clinical behaviour ranging from benign to malignant, there are more than 60 reactive and neoplastic entities currently classified under its domain. Its varied clinical and histopathologic features continue to pose a diagnostic challenge to clinicians and pathologists.

Preclinical and clinical development of a dengue recombinant subunit vaccine.

This review focuses on a dengue virus (DENV) vaccine candidate based on a recombinant subunit approach which targets the DENV envelope glycoprotein (E). Truncated versions of E consisting of the N-terminal portion of E (DEN-80E) have been expressed recombinantly in the Drosophila S2 expression system and shown to have native-like conformation. Preclinical studies demonstrate that formulations containing tetravalent DEN-80E adjuvanted with ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant induce high titer virus neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ producing T cells in flavivirus-naïve non-human primates.