Long-Term Effects of Maternal Deprivation on Redox Regulation in Rat Brain: Involvement of NADPH Oxidase.

Maternal deprivation (MD) causes perinatal stress, with subsequent behavioral changes which resemble the symptoms of schizophrenia. The NADPH oxidase is one of the major generators of reactive oxygen species, known to play a role in stress response in different tissues. The aim of this study was to elucidate the long-term effects of MD on the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (gp91, p22, p67, p47, and p40).

Long-term Effects of Maternal Deprivation on the Volume, Number and Size of Neurons in the Amygdala and Nucleus Accumbens of Rats.

Background: Maternal deprivation (MD) in rodents is an important neurodevelopmental model for studying a variety of behavioral changes which closely resemble the symptoms of schizophrenia in humans.

Subjects And Methods: To determine whether early-life stress leads to changes in the limbic system structures: the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens, 9-day-old Wistar rats were exposed to 24 hour MD. On P60 the rats were sacrificed for morphometric analysis and their brains were compared to the control group.

Brain changes in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and associated alcoholism: MRI based study.

Background: Studies imposing rigorous control over lifetime alcohol intake usually have not found smaller hippocampal volumes in persons with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since the majority of negative studies have used adolescent samples, it has been suggested that chronicity is a necessary condition for such findings. We have hypothesized that the volumes of hippocampus, amygdale, prefrontal cortex and the intracranial volume are reduced in the patients with PTSD and excessive alcohol intake.

Thermomineral water promotes axonal sprouting but does not reduce glial scar formation in a mouse model of spinal cord injury.

Thermomineral water from the Atomic Spa Gornja Trepča has been used for a century in the treatment of neurologic disease. The thermomineral water contains microelements, including lithium and magnesium, which show neural regeneration-promoting effects after central nervous system injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of oral intake of thermomineral water from the Atomic Spa Gornja Trepča on nerve regeneration in a 3-month-old mouse model of spinal cord injury.

Anatomic description of the anterolateral ligament of the knee.

Purpose: The anterolateral ligament, a structure that has been known for 130 years, has again attracted the attention both of orthopaedic doctors and anatomists. Since its initial description until now, this structure has had different names. Whether labelled as the mid-third lateral capsular ligament, the anterior oblique band of the fibular collateral ligament or the anterolateral ligament of the knee, this structure has been responsible for the so-called Segond avulsion fractures.

The influence of sex hormones on anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in males.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the concentrations of testosterone, 17-β estradiol and progesterone between male patients with and without ACL rupture, as well as the possible effect of these hormones on generalized joint laxity.

Methods: Male subjects with non-contact knee joint injury were included in this study. Two groups were formed: the examined group, consisting of subjects with ACL rupture and the control group consisting of patients without ACL rupture.

Long-term effects of maternal deprivation on the neuronal soma area in the rat neocortex.

Early separation of rat pups from their mothers (separatio a matrem) is considered and accepted as an animal model of perinatal stress. Adult rats, separated early postnatally from their mothers, are developing long-lasting changes in the brain and neuroendocrine system, corresponding to the findings observed in schizophrenia and affective disorders. With the aim to investigate the morphological changes in this animal model we exposed 9-day-old (P9) Wistar rats to a 24 h maternal deprivation (MD).

The influence of sex hormones on anterior cruciate ligament rupture: female study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the concentrations of testosterone, 17-β estradiol and progesterone between female patients with and without ACL rupture and the possible effect of these hormones on generalised joint laxity.

Methods: Female subjects with non-contact knee joint injury were included in this study. They were divided into two groups: the examined group, consisting of female subjects with ACL rupture, and the control group, consisting of female patients without ACL rupture.

Alternative method for direct measurement of tibial slope.

Background/aim: The tibial slope is one of the most frequently cited anatomical causes of anterior cruciate ligament trauma. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of direct measuring of the tibial slope of the knee without prior soft tissue dissection in cadavers.

Methods: Measurement was performed on the two groups of samples: osteological and cadaveric.

Volumetric analysis of amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex in therapy-naive PTSD participants.

Objective: In our study we have hypothesized that volume changes of amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex are more pronounced in male posttraumatic stress disorder participants.

Material And Methods: We have conducted a study of 79 male participants who underwent MRI brain scanning. PTSD diagnosis was confirmed in 49 participants.

Long-term effects of the maternal deprivation on the volume and number of neurons in the rat neocortex and hippocampus.

Maternal deprivation (MD) leads to a variety of behavioral changes in rats which closely resemble the symptoms of schizophrenia in humans. With the aim to investigate the morphological changes which underlie the behavioral insults in this experimental paradigm we exposed 9-day-old Wistar rats to a 24 h MD. At the period of young adulthood rats were sacrificed for morphometric analysis and their brains were compared to the control group.

Correlation between the morphometric parameters of the anterior cruciate ligament and the intercondylar width: gender and age differences.

The study was conducted on 50 cadavers (32 male and 18 female, aged 15-53 years; mean 34; SD 11) with intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), without diagnosed gonarthrosis of the knee joint. The following anatomical parameters of the ACL were measured: the length of anteromedial and posterolateral bundle, the mean length and the width of the ligament, the length and width of tibial insertion, the length and width of femoral insertion. The intercondylar width was measured at the level of popliteal groove.

The position of anterior cruciate ligament in frontal and sagittal plane and its relation to the inner side of the lateral femoral condyle.

The position of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the anatomical factors that lead to its injury. We evaluated 66 patients divided in two groups: 33 patients in the examined group with a diagnosed ACL lesion, and 33 patients in the control group with diagnosed patellofemoral pain. The patients were matched by age, sex, type of lesion (whether it was profession related) and whether the lesion was left or right sided.

[Characteristics of galanin and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity in the rat amygdala complex].

Introduction: Morphological features and morphometric parameters of galanin (GAL) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactive neurons and neuronal fibres were studied in all nuclei of adult male rat amygdala.

Material And Methods: After perfusion and fixation, rat brains were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against GAL and VIP and then visualized by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex.

Results And Discussion: The greatest number of galanin-immunoreactive neurons were identified in the medial part of the central nucleus and in the dorsal part of the medial nucleus.

[The results of surgical and nonsurgical treatment of mallet finger].

Introduction: The injury of the hand tendon classified as mallet finger presents the loss of continuity of the united lateral band of the extensor apparatus above distal interphalangeal joint, which consequently leads to specific deformity of distal interphalangeal joint which is called mallet (hammer) finger.

Objective: Our paper had several research objectives: presentation of the existing results of surgical and nonsurgical treatment of mallet finger deformities and comparison of our findings and other authors' results.

Method: The study was retro-prospective, and analyzed 62 patients treated in the Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade (at the Institute of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, and the Emergency Center) in the period 1998 to 2003.

Significance of proto-oncogene Bcl-X(S/L) expression in Wilms tumor.

Unlabelled: The rate of apoptosis varies in malignant tumors, and it can be involved in diminishing tumor size. Different protein-regulators of apoptosis, such as Bcl-2, BclX, and Bax have an influence on the rate of apoptosis in various tumors. In human renal diseases, such as the experimental model of acute renal failure, and many tumors, including Wilms' tumor, the expression of antiapoptotic members of Bcl-2 family is increased, while the expression of proapoptotic members is low.