Exposure to fluoride and risk of primary bone cancer: A systematic review.

Fluoride has long been considered essential in the prevention of dental caries, however, its relationship with bone cancer remains unclear. With little improvements in survival from primary bone cancers, it is important to understand the underlying drivers. The focus of this systematic review was, therefore, to assess the association between fluoride exposure and the development of primary bone cancer.

The effects of rutin supplement on blood pressure markers, some serum antioxidant enzymes, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with placebo.

Background: This trial aimed to investigate the effects of rutin supplement in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: In this trial with a double-blind and controlled design, fifty patients were randomly divided into intervention ( = 25) and control groups ( = 25) and were treated with 1 g of rutin or placebo for three months, respectively. At the baseline and end of the intervention, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), pulse pressure (PP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), serum levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and quality of life (QOL) parameters, were evaluated.

Chapter 1: Nutrition and Diet.

Diet and nutrition are fundamental in maintaining the general and oral health of populations. Diet refers to the total amount of food consumed by individuals; whereas nutrition is the process of utilising food for growth, metabolism and repair of tissues. The relationship between diet and nutrition and health is 2-way; health status can be affected by nutrient deficiency and vice versa.

Chapter 5: Microelements: Part II: F, Al, Mo and Co.

Ultratrace element is a relatively new term, and is defined as those elements with an established, estimated, or suspected dietary requirement of minute amount, generally of the order of µg/day. This chapter focuses on fluorine (F), aluminium (Al), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co). Whilst diet is the principal source of Al, Mo, and Co found in the body, inadvertent ingestion of dental hygiene products accounts for a significant proportion of F intake.

A Comparison of Simple Analytical Methods for Determination of Fluoride in Microlitre-Volume Plasma Samples.

The aim was to compare potential methods for fluoride analysis in microlitre-volume plasma samples containing nano-gram amounts of fluoride. Methods: A group of 4 laboratories analysed a set of standardised biological samples as well as plasma to determine fluoride concentration using 3 methods. In Phase-1, fluoride analysis was carried out using the established hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS)-diffusion method (1 mL-aliquot/analysis) to obtain preliminary measurement of agreement between the laboratories.

Determining an Upper Reference Value for the Urinary Fluoride-Creatinine Ratio in Healthy Children Younger than 7 Years.

The urinary fluoride/creatinine ratio (UF/Cr) in a spot urine sample could be a useful systemic F exposure monitoring tool. No reference value for UF/Cr currently exists, therefore this study aimed to establish an upper reference value for a UF/Cr, corresponding to excessive systemic F exposure, i.e.

Development of a Database of the Fluoride Content of Selected Drinks and Foods in the UK.

It is important to monitor systemic fluoride (F) intake from foods, drinks and inadvertent toothpaste ingestion in order to minimise the risk of dental fluorosis while maximising caries prevention. In the UK, an F database containing the F content of commercially available foods and drinks was compiled from 518 products analysed using an acid-diffusion method and F-ion-selective electrode. The individual products analysed ranged from <0.