The Potential Clinical Utility of an Artificial Intelligence Model for Identification of Vertebral Compression Fractures in Chest Radiographs.

Purpose: To assess the ability of the Annalise Enterprise CXR Triage Trauma (Annalise AI Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia) artificial intelligence model to identify vertebral compression fractures on chest radiographs and its potential to address undiagnosed osteoporosis and its treatment.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study used a consecutive cohort of 596 chest radiographs from four US hospitals between 2015 and 2021. Each radiograph included both frontal (anteroposterior or posteroanterior) and lateral projections.

Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Model for Detection of Pneumothorax and Tension Pneumothorax in Chest Radiographs.

Importance: Early detection of pneumothorax, most often via chest radiography, can help determine need for emergent clinical intervention. The ability to accurately detect and rapidly triage pneumothorax with an artificial intelligence (AI) model could assist with earlier identification and improve care.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of an AI model vs consensus thoracic radiologist interpretations in detecting any pneumothorax (incorporating both nontension and tension pneumothorax) and tension pneumothorax.

Thoracic Imaging Manifestations of Treated Lymphomas: Response Evaluation, Posttherapeutic Sequelae, and Complications.

Lymphoma is the most common hematologic malignancy comprising a diverse group of neoplasms arising from multiple blood cell lineages. Any structure of the thorax may be involved at any stage of disease. Imaging has a central role in the initial staging, response assessment, and surveillance of lymphoma, and updated standardized assessment criteria are available to assist with imaging interpretation and reporting.

Image Quality and Lesion Detection on Deep Learning Reconstruction and Iterative Reconstruction of Submillisievert Chest and Abdominal CT.

The objective of this study was to compare image quality and clinically significant lesion detection on deep learning reconstruction (DLR) and iterative reconstruction (IR) images of submillisievert chest and abdominopelvic CT. Our prospective multiinstitutional study included 59 adult patients (33 women, 26 men; mean age ± SD, 65 ± 12 years old; mean body mass index [weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters] = 27 ± 5) who underwent routine chest ( = 22; 16 women, six men) and abdominopelvic ( = 37; 17 women, 20 men) CT on a 640-MDCT scanner (Aquilion ONE, Canon Medical Systems). All patients gave written informed consent for the acquisition of low-dose (LD) CT (LDCT) after a clinically indicated standard-dose (SD) CT (SDCT).

Non-Diagnostic CT-Guided Percutaneous Needle Biopsy of the Lung: Predictive Factors and Final Diagnoses.

Objective: To investigate the predictive factors for a non-diagnostic result and the final diagnosis of pulmonary lesions with an initial non-diagnostic result on CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy.

Materials And Methods: All percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies performed over a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The initial pathological results were classified into three categories-malignant, benign, and non-diagnostic.

Deep learning in chest radiography: Detection of findings and presence of change.

Background: Deep learning (DL) based solutions have been proposed for interpretation of several imaging modalities including radiography, CT, and MR. For chest radiographs, DL algorithms have found success in the evaluation of abnormalities such as lung nodules, pulmonary tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, and location of peripherally inserted central catheters. Chest radiography represents the most commonly performed radiological test for a multitude of non-emergent and emergent clinical indications.

What Patients Want to Know about Imaging Examinations: A Multiinstitutional U.S. Survey in Adult and Pediatric Teaching Hospitals on Patient Preferences for Receiving Information before Radiologic Examinations.

Purpose To identify what information patients and parents or caregivers found useful before an imaging examination, from whom they preferred to receive information, and how those preferences related to patient-specific variables including demographics and prior radiologic examinations. Materials and Methods A 24-item survey was distributed at three pediatric and three adult hospitals between January and May 2015. The χ or Fisher exact test (categorical variables) and one-way analysis of variance or two-sample t test (continuous variables) were used for comparisons.

Bedside Chest Radiographs in the Intensive care Setting: Wireless Direct Radiography Compared to Computed Radiography.

Objectives: To compare image quality, visibility of anatomic landmarks, tubes and lines, and other clinically significant findings on portable (bedside) chest radiographs acquired with wireless direct radiography (DRw) and computed radiography (CR).

Methods: In a prospective IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant study, portable DRw (DRX-1C mobile retrofit portable wireless direct radiography, CareStream Inc., Rochester, NY) and portable CR (AGFA CR (DXG) version; NIM2103, AGFA Healthcare, Ridgefield Park, NJ) images of the chest were acquired within 24-hours in 80 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

The 10 Pillars of Lung Cancer Screening: Rationale and Logistics of a Lung Cancer Screening Program.

On the basis of the National Lung Screening Trial data released in 2011, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force made lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (CT) a public health recommendation in 2013.

Diagnostic Yield of CT-Guided Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Biopsy for Diagnosis of Anterior Mediastinal Masses.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses and assess prebiopsy characteristics that may help to select patients with the highest diagnostic yield.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of all CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of the anterior mediastinum conducted at our institution from January 2003 through December 2012 was performed to collect data regarding patient demographics, imaging characteristics of biopsied masses, presence of complications, and subsequent surgical intervention or medical treatment (or both). Cytology, core biopsy pathology, and surgical pathology results were recorded.

Percutaneous lung biopsy after pneumonectomy: factors for improving success in the care of patients at high risk.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the risks and complications of CT-guided needle biopsy of lung nodules in patients with a single lung after pneumonectomy.

Materials And Methods: A database search for the records of patients who had undergone lung biopsy over a 9-year period revealed that 1771 patients had done so. Fourteen (0.