Collagen scaffold-seeded iTenocytes accelerate the healing and functional recovery of Achilles tendon defects in a rat model.

Introduction: Tendon injuries represent an ongoing challenge in clinical practice due to poor regenerative capacity, structure, and biomechanical function recovery of ruptured tendons. This study is focused on the assessment of a novel strategy to repair ruptured Achilles tendons in a Nude rat model using stem cell-seeded biomaterial.

Methods: Specifically, we have used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) overexpressing the early tendon marker Scleraxis (SCX, iMSC, iTenocytes) in combination with an elastic collagen scaffold.

Feasibility of a Novel Surface-Guided Setup Technique to Reproduce Neck Curvature Using two Regions of Interest.

Purpose: To improve the setup reproducibility of neck curvature using real-time optical surface imaging (OSI) guidance on 2 regions of interest (ROIs) to infer cervical spine (c-spine) curvature for surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT) of head-and-neck (HN) and c-spine cancer.

Methods: A novel SGRT setup approach was designed to reproduce neck curvature with 2 ROIs: upper-chest ROI and open-face ROI. It was hypothesized that the neck curvature could be reproduced if both ROIs were aligned within ±3 mm/2˚ tolerance.

A Simulation-Free Replacement Solution for Radiation Therapy Immobilization Devices Using Computer Numerical Control (CNC) -Milled Polystyrene Molds.

Purpose: In radiation therapy (RT), if an immobilization device is lost or damaged, the patient may need to be brought back for resimulation, device fabrication, and treatment planning, causing additional imaging radiation exposure, inconvenience, cost, and delay. We describe a simulation-free method for replacing lost or damaged RT immobilization devices.

Methods And Materials: Replacement immobilization devices were fabricated using existing simulation scans as design templates by computer numerical control (CNC) milling of molds made from extruded polystyrene (XPS).

Pulp Survival of Cracked Teeth with Reversible Pulpitis after Orthodontic Banding and Coronal Coverage - A Prospective Cohort Study with One Year Follow Up.

Introduction: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the 1-year pulp survival of cracked teeth with reversible pulpitis managed with initial stabilization using orthodontic bands, followed by coronal coverage restorations.

Methods: One-hundred-and-twenty-five patients with a cracked tooth with reversible pulpitis each were recruited. Preoperative patient and tooth data were collected.

Phase-sensitive deep reconstruction method for rapid multiparametric MR fingerprinting and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain.

Introduction: This study explores the potential of Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) with a novel Phase-Sensitivity Deep Reconstruction Network (PS-DRONE) for simultaneous quantification of T1, T2, Proton Density, B1+, phase and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Methods: Data were acquired at 3 T in vitro and in vivo using an optimized EPI-based MRF sequence. Phantom experiments were conducted using a standardized phantom for T1 and T2 maps and a custom-made agar-based gadolinium phantom for B1 and QSM maps.

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived iTenocytes via Combined Scleraxis Overexpression and 2D Uniaxial Tension.

Today's challenges in tendon and ligament repair necessitate the identification of a suitable and effective candidate for cell-based therapy to promote tendon regeneration. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been explored as a potential tissue engineering strategy for tendon repair. While they are multipotent and have regenerative potential in vivo, they are limited in their self-renewal capacity and exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity.

Prevalence of Comprehensive Eye Examination in Preschool Children With Eye Conditions.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of comprehensive eye examinations in multiethnic preschool children, including children with visually significant eye conditions, and identify factors associated with comprehensive eye examinations.

Methods: A sample of 9,197 African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and non-Hispanic White children aged 6-72 months was recruited for the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study from 2003 to 2011. Logistic regression performed in 2022 identified independent factors associated with parent-reported history of comprehensive eye examinations.

Specimen Shape and Elution Time Affect the Mineralization and Differentiation Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Biodentine.

The liquid extract method is commonly used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of materials. Although ISO has recommended guidelines for test methods, variations in elution period, and shape of samples can influence the biological outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of material form and elution period of Biodentine on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)' proliferation and mineralization.

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Radiation Therapy Treatment Simulation and Planning.

Ever since its introduction as a diagnostic imaging tool the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in radiation therapy (RT) treatment simulation and planning has been recognized. Recent technical advances have addressed many of the impediments to use of this technology and as a result have resulted in rapid and growing adoption of MRI in RT. The purpose of this article is to provide a broad review of the multiple uses of MR in the RT treatment simulation and planning process, identify several of the most used clinical scenarios in which MR is integral to the simulation and planning process, highlight existing limitations and provide multiple unmet needs thereby highlighting opportunities for the diagnostic MR imaging community to contribute and collaborate with our oncology colleagues.

A video-based decision aid improved knowledge and decreased decisional conflict for asymptomatic persistent endodontic lesions.

Aim: This prospective cohort study aimed to (i) evaluate patients' treatment decisions, decisional conflict and knowledge levels before and after use of a video-based decision aid (DA) on asymptomatic persistent endodontic lesions (APEL) and to (ii) elicit important decision factors for patients in the decision-making process.

Methodology: A video DA modelled after the International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS) was designed. The video was pilot-tested, revised and used on 50 patients referred to the graduate endodontic clinic and presenting with an incidental finding of APEL detected on radiographs, with informed consent (DSRB 2020/00133).

Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) pilot study on genetic and non-genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease among Asian Americans and Canadians.

Introduction: Clinical research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks cohort diversity despite being a global health crisis. The Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) was formed to address underrepresentation of Asians in research, and limited understanding of how genetics and non-genetic/lifestyle factors impact this multi-ethnic population.

Methods: The ACAD started fully recruiting in October 2021 with one central coordination site, eight recruitment sites, and two analysis sites.

Experimental Modeling of Host-Bacterial Interactions in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The microscopic species colonizing the human body, collectively referred to as the microbiome, play a crucial role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, immunity, and the development of disease. There is evidence to suggest associations between alterations in the microbiome and the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The use of two-dimensional (2D) modeling systems has made significant strides in uncovering the role of microbes in carcinogenesis; however, direct mechanistic links remain in their infancy.

Prolonged operative time predicts postoperative deep venous thrombosis in head and neck cancer patients who undergo free flap reconstruction.

Objective: This study sought to quantify the deep venous thrombosis (DVT) incidence in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing free tissue transfer and to identify independent predictors of postoperative DVT.

Materials And Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2010 through 2020. The sample included all HNC surgical patients treated with free flap reconstruction.

Immune Cell Deconvolution Reveals Possible Association of γδ T Cells with Poor Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

(1) Background: The role of rare immune cell subtypes in many solid tumors, chief among them head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), has not been well defined. The objective of this study was to assess the association between proportions of common and rare immune cell subtypes and survival outcomes in HNSCC. (2) Methods: In this cohort study, we utilized a deconvolution approach based on the CIBERSORT algorithm and the LM22 signature matrix to infer proportions of immune cell subtypes from 517 patients with untreated HPV-negative HNSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Retinal perfusion is linked to cognition and brain MRI biomarkers in Black Americans.

Introduction: We investigated whether retinal capillary perfusion is a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease and impaired cognition among Black Americans, an understudied group at higher risk for dementia.

Methods: We enrolled 96 Black Americans without known cognitive impairment. Four retinal perfusion measures were derived using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Retention of Human iPSC-Derived or Primary Cells Following Xenotransplantation into Rat Immune-Privileged Sites.

In regenerative medicine, experimental animal models are commonly used to study potential effects of human cells as therapeutic candidates. Although some studies describe certain cells, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or human primary cells, as hypoimmunogenic and therefore unable to trigger strong inflammatory host responses, other studies report antibody formation and immune rejection following xenotransplantation. Accordingly, the goal of our study was to test the cellular retention and survival of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)-derived MSCs (iMSCs) and primary nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) following their xenotransplantation into immune-privileged knee joints (14 days) and intervertebral discs (IVD; 7 days) of immunocompromised Nude and immunocompetent Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

Corrigendum: A review of the peripheral proprioceptive apparatus in the larynx.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.

Protocol for tumor dissociation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting of human head and neck cancers.

Tumors originating from the head and neck represent diverse histologies and are comprised of several cell types, including malignant cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. In this protocol, we describe a step-by-step approach for the dissociation of fresh human head and neck tumor specimens, followed by isolation of viable single cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Our protocol facilitates the effective downstream use of techniques, including single-cell RNA sequencing and generation of three-dimensional patient-derived organoids.

Single Cell Transcriptomics-Informed Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiation to Tenogenic Lineage.

During vertebrate embryogenesis, axial tendons develop from the paraxial mesoderm and differentiate through specific developmental stages to reach the syndetome stage. While the main roles of signaling pathways in the earlier stages of the differentiation have been well established, pathway nuances in syndetome specification from the sclerotome stage have yet to be explored. Here, we show stepwise differentiation of human iPSCs to the syndetome stage using chemically defined media and small molecules that were modified based on single cell RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis.

Quantitative longitudinal mapping of radiation-treated prostate cancer using MR fingerprinting with radial acquisition and subspace reconstruction.

MR fingerprinting (MRF) enables fast multiparametric quantitative imaging with a single acquisition and has been shown to improve diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, most prostate MRF studies were performed with spiral acquisitions that are sensitive to B0 inhomogeneities and consequent blurring. In this work, a radial MRF acquisition with a novel subspace reconstruction technique was developed to enable fast T1/T2 mapping in the prostate in under 4 min.

iPSC-derived tenocytes seeded on microgrooved 3D printed scaffolds for Achilles tendon regeneration.

Tendons and ligaments have a poor innate healing capacity, yet account for 50% of musculoskeletal injuries in the United States. Full structure and function restoration postinjury remains an unmet clinical need. This study aimed to assess the application of novel three dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) overexpressing the transcription factor Scleraxis (SCX, iMSC ) as a new strategy for tendon defect repair.