Surgical Treatment of Bilateral Tubo-Ovarian Abscess in a Pre-Coitarchal Female.

Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease that is most commonly seen in sexually active females and seldom in pre-coitarchal adolescents. Initial treatment is generally parenteral antibiotics but often requires more invasive surgical procedures. We present the case of a 12-year-old, non-sexually active adolescent, with bilateral TOA who ultimately underwent a sterilizing bilateral salpingectomy and appendectomy for treatment.

PPARγ Deficiency in Carbon Nanotube-elicited Granulomatous Inflammation Promotes a Th17 Response to a Microbial Antigen.

Background: The pathological consequences of interaction between environmental carbon pollutants and microbial antigens have not been fully explored. We developed a murine model of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-elicited granulomatous disease which bears a striking resemblance to sarcoidosis, a human granulomatous disease. Because of reports describing lymphocyte reactivity to mycobacterial antigens in sarcoidosis patients, we hypothesized that addition of mycobacterial antigen (ESAT-6) to MWCNT might elicit activation in T cells.