Community health action and COVID-19 in Barcelona neighbourhoods: responses and challenges.

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing social, economic and political inequalities. The evidence describes the use of community engagement approaches to support appropriate COVID-19 prevention and control measures. We aimed to delve deeper into the community response to COVID-19 in Barcelona neighbourhoods with different pre-existing levels of development of community health action (CHA).

Evaluation of a Community Intervention to Reduce Harmful Alcohol Consumption among Adult Population: A Study Protocol.

Harmful alcohol consumption is shaped by a complex range of structural, social, and individual determinants that interact with inequality axes, which can be addressed at the community level. Under the framework of , which is a community strategy to reduce health inequalities in Barcelona's most deprived neighborhoods, a community steering group will co-design a multicomponent community intervention. Aims: to assess its effects on: (1) alcohol accessibility, availability, and consumption at the environmental level, and (2) psychosocial and cognitive determinants of harmful alcohol consumption at the individual level.

Improving mental health and wellbeing in elderly people isolated at home due to architectural barriers: A community health intervention.

Objectives: To explore the health effects of a community health intervention on older people who are isolated at home due to mobility problems or architectural barriers, to identify associated characteristics and to assess participants' satisfaction.

Design: Quasi-experimental before-after study.

Setting: Five low-income neighbourhoods of Barcelona during 2010-15.

Community-Based Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Harm in Adults.

Alcohol consumption was associated with 3 million deaths worldwide in 2016. Although community action has proven to be effective and has become a priority area of the global strategy to reduce alcohol consumption, there is a gap in the knowledge of community interventions to reduce alcohol use among adults. This study aims to analyze the evidence on effective community-based interventions to reduce alcohol consumption and harm among adults and to identify their components and underlying theories.

Perceived pathways between tourism gentrification and health: A participatory Photovoice study in the Gòtic neighborhood in Barcelona.

Tourism gentrification is as process of urban change and neighborhoods transformation, according to the needs of affluent visitors, increasing in some global cities. However, the link between tourism gentrification and resident's health is still an understudied topic. Using Photovoice, a participatory action research method, the aim of this study was to identify the perceived pathways that underlie the relationship between tourism gentrification and health among residents of Gòtic neighborhood, in Barcelona.

Barcelona Salut als Barris: Twelve years' experience of tackling social health inequalities through community-based interventions.

Community health can reduce inequalities in health and improve the health of the most disadvantaged populations. In 2007, Barcelona Salut als Barris (Barcelona Health in the Neighbourhoods) was launched, a community health programme to reduce social inequalities in health. In 2018, this programme reached the 25 most disadvantaged neighbourhoods of the city.

Has the quality of health care for the immigrant population changed during the economic crisis in Catalonia (Spain)? Opinions of health professionals and immigrant users.

Objective: To analyse changes in health professionals' and immigrant users' perceptions of the quality of care provided to the immigrant population during the crisis.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive-interpretative and exploratory study was conducted in two areas of Catalonia. Semi-structured individual interviews were used with a theoretical sample of medical (n=24) and administrative (n=10) professionals in primary care (PC) and secondary care (SC), and immigrant users (n=20).

Changes in access to health care for immigrants in Catalonia during the economic crisis: Opinions of health professionals and immigrant users.

Policy measures introduced in Spain during the economic crisis included a reduction in public health expenditure and in healthcare entitlements (RDL16/2012), which affected the general population as a whole, but especially immigrants. This paper analyzes changes in immigrants' access to health care during the economic crisis from the perspective of health professionals (medical and administrative) and immigrants. A qualitative descriptive-interpretative study was conducted in Catalonia through individual interviews with a theoretical sample of health professionals (n=34) and immigrant users (n=20).

Wait and consult times for primary healthcare services in central Mozambique: a time-motion study.

Background: We describe wait and consult times across public-sector clinics and identify health facility determinants of wait and consult times.

Design: We observed 8,102 patient arrivals and departures from clinical service areas across 12 public-sector clinics in Sofala and Manica Provinces between January and April 2011. Negative binomial generalized estimating equations were used to model associated health facility factors.

Was access to health care easy for immigrants in Spain? The perspectives of health personnel in Catalonia and Andalusia.

Until April 2012, all Spanish citizens were entitled to health care and policies had been developed at national and regional level to remove potential barriers of access, however, evidence suggested problems of access for immigrants. In order to identify factors affecting immigrants' access to health care, we conducted a qualitative study based on individual interviews with healthcare managers (n=27) and professionals (n=65) in Catalonia and Andalusia, before the policy change that restricted access for some groups. A thematic analysis was carried out.

Effects of a health information system data quality intervention on concordance in Mozambique: time-series analyses from 2009-2012.

Background: We assessed the effects of a three-year national-level, ministry-led health information system (HIS) data quality intervention and identified associated health facility factors.

Methods: Monthly summary HIS data concordance between a gold standard data quality audit and routine HIS data was assessed in 26 health facilities in Sofala Province, Mozambique across four indicators (outpatient consults, institutional births, first antenatal care visits, and third dose of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccination) and five levels of health system data aggregation (daily facility paper registers, monthly paper facility reports, monthly paper district reports, monthly electronic district reports, and monthly electronic provincial reports) through retrospective yearly audits conducted July-August 2010-2013. We used mixed-effects linear models to quantify changes in data quality over time and associated health system determinants.

Immigration, work and health in Spain: the influence of legal status and employment contract on reported health indicators.

Objective: To analyze the relationship of legal status and employment conditions with health indicators in foreign-born and Spanish-born workers in Spain.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 1,849 foreign-born and 509 Spanish-born workers (2008-2009, ITSAL Project). Considered employment conditions: permanent, temporary and no contract (foreign-born and Spanish-born); considered legal statuses: documented and undocumented (foreign-born).

Extending a model of precarious employment: A qualitative study of immigrant workers in Spain.

Background: Since the 1980s, changes in the labor market have modified power relations between capital and labor, leading to greater levels of precarious employment among workers. Globalization has led to a growth in migration, as people leave their countries in search of work. We aimed to describe the dimensions of precarious employment for immigrant workers in Spain.

[Precarious employment in undocumented immigrants in Spain and its relationship with health].

Objective: To describe the characteristics of precarious employment in undocumented immigrants in Spain and its relationship with health.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using analytic induction. Criterion sampling, based on the Immigration, Work and Health project (Inmigración, Trabajo y Salud [ITSAL]) criterion (current definitions of 'legal immigrant' in Spain and in the literature) was used to recruit 44 undocumented immigrant workers from four different countries, living in four Spanish cities.

[The migratory process, working conditions and health in immigrant workers in Spain (the ITSAL project)].

Objective: To describe the migratory process (reasons for migrating, time of residence), legal status and the personal, working and health characteristics of the immigrants with work experience in Spain.

Methods: We performed a cross sectional survey in a sample stratified by country of origin (Colombia, Ecuador, Morocco and Romania), legal status and sex. Personal interviews were conducted with 2434 workers (57.

Invisible work, unseen hazards: The health of women immigrant household service workers in Spain.

Background: Household service work has been largely absent from occupational health studies. We examine the occupational hazards and health effects identified by immigrant women household service workers.

Methods: Exploratory, descriptive study of 46 documented and undocumented immigrant women in household services in Spain, using a phenomenological approach.

[Occupational health of immigrant workers in Spain [ITSAL Project]: key informants survey].

Objective: To describe the characteristics, working conditions, and occupational health situation of immigrant workers in Spain through key informants.

Method: We performed a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study using indepth interviews carried out in 2006. Organizations and associations working with immigrant collectives in Alicante, Barcelona, Huelva, Madrid and Valencia were identified and the most representative and accessible entities in each location were selected.

Discrimination, work and health in immigrant populations in Spain.

One of the most important social phenomena in the global context is the flow of immigration from developing countries, motivated by economic and employment related issues. Discrimination can be approached as a health risk factor within the immigrant population's working environment, especially for those immigrants at greater risk from social exclusion and marginalisation. The aim of this study is to research perceptions of discrimination and the specific relationship between discrimination in the workplace and health among Spain's immigrant population.