Left atrial cross-sectional area is a novel measure of atrial shape associated with cardioembolic strokes.

Objective: Cardioembolic (CE) stroke carries significant morbidity and mortality. Left atrial (LA) size has been associated with CE risk. We hypothesised that differential LA remodelling impacts on pathophysiological mechanism of major CE strokes.

Adverse impact of diabetes mellitus on left ventricular remodelling in patients with chronic primary mitral regurgitation.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has an impact on left ventricular (LV) geometry and function, and is associated with worsening of pressure-overload LV remodelling; however, its impact on volume-overload LV remodelling is unknown.

Aim: The objective of the study was to examine the association between DM and LV remodelling in patients with chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by mitral valve prolapse.

Methods: During a median follow-up of 3.

How to grade mitral regurgitation: an integrative approach.

Evaluation of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity remains complex and challenging. An integrative approach to grading MR is recommended. The use of multiple Doppler methods should be used to help discriminate between grades of severity.

Echocardiographic assessment of mitral regurgitation: general considerations.

Echocardiography is undoubtedly one of the main tools used in assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) because it allows characterization of valvular morphology, assessment of the severity of the regurgitation, and its secondary effects. In this article we present an overview of the echocardiographic assessment of MR.