On Personality Measures and Their Data: A Classification of Measurement Approaches and Their Recommended Uses.

We employ a new approach for classifying methods of personality measurement such as , and measures and the data they produce. We divide these measures into two fundamental groups: , which arise from the target person's own reports, and , which derive from the areas surrounding the person. These two broad classes are then further divided according to what they target and the response processes that produce them.

Are People-Centered Intelligences Psychometrically Distinct from Thing-Centered Intelligences? A Meta-Analysis.

The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) or three-stratum model of intelligence envisions human intelligence as a hierarchy. General intelligence () is situated at the top, under which are a group of broad intelligences such as verbal, visuospatial processing, and quantitative knowledge that pertain to more specific areas of reasoning. Some broad intelligences are people-centered, including personal, emotional, and social intelligences; others concern reasoning about things more generally, such as visuospatial and quantitative knowledge.