Longitudinal dynamics of the nasopharyngal microbiome in response to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and HIV infection in Kenyan women and their infants.

The nasopharynx and its microbiota are implicated in respiratory health and disease. The interplay between viral infection and the nasopharyngeal microbiome is an area of increased interest and of clinical relevance. The impact of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, on the nasopharyngeal microbiome, particularly among individuals living with HIV, is not fully characterized.

Do we know how best to disinfect child care sites in the United States? A review of available disinfectant efficacy data and health risks of the major disinfectant classes.

Background: Children in child care settings have a high infectious burden. They are frequently exposed to sanitizing and disinfecting agents, whose toxicities have not been studied in these settings. Current guidance on the preferred disinfection agents for child care is vague.

Teen mothers at midlife: the long shadow of adversarial family caregiving.

Despite keen interest in teen mothers' outcomes, few studies have followed teen mothers prospectively or examined how outcomes are shaped by family relationships and practices over time. This multigenerational, hermeneutic study began 21 years ago when 16 families were interviewed after the teen's infant reached 8 to 10 months of age. Families were re-interviewed every 4 to 5 years.

Inequities compounded: explaining variations in the transition to adulthood for teen mothers' offspring.

Teen mothers as a cohort are disproportionately disadvantaged before pregnancy and are assumed to be further disadvantaged by an early pregnancy. A growing number of studies report that teen mothers and their children are disadvantaged slightly, if at all, by young maternal age. These studies highlight the social determinants of early childbearing but do not reveal the social contexts that shape the transition into adulthood for teen mothers' offspring.

Teen mothers and their teenaged children: the reciprocity of developmental trajectories.

This article reports on the fifth wave of a multigenerational study of teen mothering. Two paradigm cases reveal how teen mothers' agency and development are linked with their teenaged children's development in a world shaped by poverty and limited resources. Teens with attenuated relationships and without anchors of hope and behavioral expectations for the future face an existential void that sets them adrift.

Use of bipolar energy for transurethral resection of bladder tumors: pathologic considerations.

Background And Purpose: Bipolar electrocautery has recently been introduced as a modality for transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT). The primary benefits of bipolar TURBT stem from the use of saline irrigant rather than glycine or water. TURBT should be conducted in a fashion such that the resected tissue can be used for proper grading and staging, so excessive cauterization of the tissue should be avoided.