The fluorophore 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) induces DNA folding in long double-stranded DNA.

DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a widely used fluorescent dye, whose complicated binding features to DNAs and RNAs have been the object of debates and are still not fully understood. In this study, different approaches were employed, including binding equilibrium measurements (spectrofluorometry), melting experiments (spectrophotometry), viscometric measurements, circular dichroism, and T-jump kinetic analyses; all data concur in shedding light on the complex mechanistic aspects of the binding mode of DAPI to natural DNA. Conditions are found that induce the mode of the DAPI/DNA interaction to change from groove binding to intercalation.