Meta-omics profiling of the gut-lung axis illuminates metabolic networks and host-microbial interactions associated with elevated lung elastance in a murine model of obese allergic asthma.

Obesity and associated changes to the gut microbiome worsen airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Obesogenic host-microbial metabolomes have altered production of metabolites that may influence lung function and inflammatory responses in asthma. To understand the interplay of the gut microbiome, metabolism, and host inflammation in obesity-associated asthma, we used a multi-omics approach to profile the gut-lung axis in the setting of allergic airway disease and diet-induced obesity.

Evolved resistance to a novel cationic peptide antibiotic requires high mutation supply.

Background And Objectives: A key strategy for resolving the antibiotic resistance crisis is the development of new drugs with antimicrobial properties. The engineered cationic antimicrobial peptide WLBU2 (also known as PLG0206) is a promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound that has completed Phase I clinical studies. It has activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including infections associated with biofilm.

Nitroalkene fatty acids modulate bile acid metabolism and lung function in obese asthma.

Bile acid profiles are altered in obese individuals with asthma. Thus, we sought to better understand how obesity-related systemic changes contribute to lung pathophysiology. We also test the therapeutic potential of nitro-oleic acid (NO-OA), a regulator of metabolic and inflammatory signaling pathways, to mitigate allergen and obesity-induced lung function decline in a murine model of asthma.

Technical emptiability of dairy product packaging and its environmental implications in Austria.

Background: Food waste is a major ecological concern around the globe. While the main function of packaging is to contain and protect food, it may also lead to food waste if residues remain in a package after emptying. Such residues could be attributed to wasteful behavior of consumers, but also to properties of packaging (e.

Targeting quinolone- and aminocoumarin-resistant bacteria with new gyramide analogs that inhibit DNA gyrase.

Bacterial DNA gyrase is an essential type II topoisomerase that enables cells to overcome topological barriers encountered during replication, transcription, recombination, and repair. This enzyme is ubiquitous in bacteria and represents an important clinical target for antibacterial therapy. In this paper we report the characterization of three exciting new gyramide analogs-from a library of 183 derivatives-that are potent inhibitors of DNA gyrase and are active against clinical strains of gram-negative bacteria (, , and 3 of 10 wild-type strains tested) and gram-positive bacteria (, , , and ; all 9 of the wild-type strains tested).

Previous Homologous and Heterologous Stress Exposure Induces Tolerance Development to Pulsed Light in Listeria monocytogenes.

As one of the emerging non-thermal technologies, pulsed light (PL) facilitates rapid, mild and residue-free microbial surface decontamination of food and food contact materials. While notable progress has been made in the characterization of the inactivation potential of PL, experimental data available on the tolerance development to the same (homologous) stress or to different (heterologous) stresses commonly applied in food manufacturing (e.g.

Membrane-Targeting DCAP Analogues with Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria.

We performed a structure-activity relationship study of 2-((3-(3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (DCAP), which is an antibacterial agent that disrupts the membrane potential and permeability of bacteria. The stereochemistry of DCAP had no effect on the biological activity of DCAP. The aromaticity and electronegativity of the chlorine-substituted carbazole was required for activity, suggesting that its planar and dipolar characteristics orient DCAP in membranes.