Considering the fact that is a common parasite of humans and bradyzoites can reside in skeletal muscle, -mediated immune responses may modulate the progression and pathophysiology of another musculoskeletal disorder, osteoporosis. In the current study, we investigated the association of bone health and infection status. A total of 138 patients living in Germany with either osteopenia or osteoporosis were included in the study, and they were categorized into two groups, uninfected ( = 74) and infected ( = 64), based on the presence of -specific IgG antibodies.
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