Inflammatory Response to Wear Particles: Comparisons Between Zirconia and Titanium In Vitro.

Purpose: To compare the inflammatory responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) subjected to titanium (Ti) and/or zirconia (Zr) particles while growing on Ti or Zr discs.

Materials And Methods: In total, 240 discs were fabricated at a size of 2 mm in height and 5 mm in diameter. Of the 240 discs, 120 discs were made of Ti (commercially pure [CP] grade 4), and 120 discs were made of Zr (3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystals [3Y-TZP]).

Inflammatory Gene Profile and Particle Presence in Peri-Implant Mucosa: a Pilot Study on 9 Patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study is to compare gene expression in mucosa around dental implants with zirconia abutment to titanium and investigate presence of particles in mucosa samples and on implant heads.

Material And Methods: Ten patients with a single implant supported prosthesis connected to zirconia or titanium abutments were invited at the five-year control. A clinical examination and a survey on experience of function and appearance were conducted.

Cobalt chromium alloys in fixed prosthodontics: Investigations of mechanical properties and microstructure.

Statement Of Problem: Cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) alloys possess beneficial mechanical properties because alloys, even in thin sections, can resist high mastication forces and exhibit an acceptable bond to the surface porcelain layer. Traditional manufacturing techniques of Co-Cr alloys such as casting have been replaced with newer fabrication techniques, such as milling, laser melting, and presintered milling. Despite scarce documentation, these new manufacturing techniques are being used to fabricate dental and implant constructions.

Long-term performance of implants with moderately rough anodized surface supporting single-tooth restorations: A retrospective analysis with an up to 15-year follow-up.

Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate long-term clinical and radiologic performance of anodized surface implants supporting single implant restorations.

Materials And Methods: Patients who received at least one anodized surface implant for a single-tooth restoration between 2003 and 2004 in the Brånemark clinic (Göteborg, Sweden) were included in the study. The assessed outcomes included implant survival, biological and technical complications, as well as marginal bone levels (MBL) based on radiographs.

Implant-Supported Single Crowns with Titanium or Zirconia Abutments: A Retrospective Up-to-5-year Follow-up Study.

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of single implants with titanium (Ti) or zirconia (Zr) abutments after up to 5 years in function.

Materials And Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis on single implants with screw-retained abutments (Zr or Ti) covered with porcelain veneer placed between 2011 and 2013 at one referral specialist clinic. Clinical data from patient records were collected from 132 patients and 174 implants.

Chewing side preference and laterality in patients treated with unilateral posterior implant-supported fixed partial prostheses.

Background: It is not clear to what extent chewing is improved by unilateral oral rehabilitation with implant-supported fixed partial prostheses (ISFPPs).

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether patients treated with unilateral ISFPPs in the maxilla use their prostheses during mastication to the same extent as they used their contralateral natural teeth. A further aim was to investigate whether there is a correlation between preferred chewing side and laterality.

A retrospective clinical study of fixed tooth- and implant-supported prostheses in titanium and cobalt-chromium-ceramic: 5-9-year follow-up.

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of fixed tooth- and implant-supported protheses manufactured in porcelain veneered cobalt-chromium (CoCr) or titanium with a follow-up period of 5-9 years.

Materials And Methods: This study included 63 patients with a total of 86 fixed dental protheses (FDPs) (53 implant-supported and 33 tooth-supported). In total, 67 were short-span FDPs (3-5 units) and 19 were long-span FDPs (6-12 units).

Inflammatory Response to Cobalt-Chromium Alloys Fabricated With Different Techniques.

Objectives: To explore the cytokine expression of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to cobalt-chromium alloys, manufactured with different techniques, in comparison with commercially pure titanium grade 4 and titanium alloy grade 23.

Material And Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from 10 healthy blood donors and exposed to machine-ground coin-shaped: (a) cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) specimens (n = 5) manufactured by four techniques, i.e.

Wear particle release at the interface of dental implant components: Effects of different material combinations. An in vitro study.

Objectives: Particle generation from implant components caused by frictional wear affect the surrounding peri-implant tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining implant and abutment materials on wear and particle release in a dynamical loading setup.

Methods: A customized dynamical loading machine was used to subject two implant materials (Titanium and Titanium- Zirconium alloy) paired with two different abutment materials (Titanium and Zirconia) to a cyclic loading set of 240.

Patient factors related to early implant failures in the edentulous jaw: A large retrospective case-control study.

Background: Dental implants provide anchorage for dental prostheses to restore functions for individuals with edentulous jaws. During the healing phase, proper osseointegration is required to prevent early implant failure. More knowledge is needed regarding factors related to early failure of dental implants.

Cobalt-chromium alloys fabricated with four different techniques: Ion release, toxicity of released elements and surface roughness.

Objective: To investigate the metal ion release, surface roughness and cytoxicity for Co-Cr alloys produced by different manufacturing techniques before and after heat treatment. In addition, to evaluate if the combination of materials affects the ion release.

Methods: Five Co-Cr alloys were included, based on four manufacturing techniques.

Effect of airborne-particle abrasion and polishing on novel translucent zirconias: Surface morphology, phase transformation and insights into bonding.

Purpose: The purpose this study was to investigate the effect of Kern´s air-borne particle abrasion protocol (KAPA) and polishing on two translucent zirconias (4Y, 5Y-zirconias) compared to a traditional zirconia (3Y-zirconia).

Methods: Two different surface treatments were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and interferometry 1) KAPA (0.1 MPa, 50 μm alumina, 10-12 mm distance, 15 sec and 30 sec and cleaning in ultrasound using isopropyl alcohol 99%) and 2) Clinical-delivery polishing paste (Zircon Brite, Dental Ventures, USA).

Chemical Bonding to Novel Translucent Zirconias: A Mechanical and Molecular Investigation.

Purpose: To investigate direct bonding of a 10-MDP-based cement to two novel translucent yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramics (4Y-TZP, 5Y-TZP) and observe the influence of thermocycling on this bonding.

Materials And Methods: Powders of presintered and isostatically pressed 5Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP and 3Y-TZP were mixed with a 10-MDP-based cement (Panavia F 2.0), then stored in deionized water for 48 h at 37°C or thermocycled 10,000 times.

Cobalt-chromium alloys in fixed prosthodontics in Sweden.

The aim of this study was to compile the usage of Co-Cr alloys in fixed prosthodontics (FP) among dental laboratories in Sweden. From March to October 2015, questionnaires were sent to 542 registered dental laboratories in Sweden. The questionnaires were divided in two parts, one for fixed dental-supported prosthodontics (FDP) and one for fixed implant-supported prosthodontics (FIP).

Limited Effect of Cement Material on Stress Distribution of a Monolithic Translucent Zirconia Crown: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

Purpose: The literature shows that the performance of densely sintered zirconia single crowns seems to be unaffected by the cement material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various cement materials on the stress distribution in a monolithic translucent zirconia crown.

Materials And Methods: A crown-cement-dentin complex was modeled.

Associations Between Early Implant Failure, Patient Age, and Patient Mortality: A 15-Year Follow-Up Study on 2,566 Patients Treated with Implant-Supported Prostheses in the Edentulous Jaw.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the distribution of patients with early implant failures after implant treatment in the edentulous jaw with regard to age at surgery and association with patient mortality over a 15-year period.

Materials And Methods: All consecutively treated patients treated in the edentulous jaw at a single specialist clinic from 1986 to 1997 were included and followed up for 1 year for implant failures and for 15 years with regard to patient mortality. Patients were arranged into age groups, and life tables for patients and reference groups of patients with comparable age (based on national population data) were calculated.

Incidence of First Implant Failure: A Retroprospective Study of 27 Years of Implant Operations at One Specialist Clinic.

Background: Even though there are many studies available reporting on implant failures, there are few studies that follow implant failures over time in large populations.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the annual incidence of reported implant failures for patients and operations over a 28-year period.

Materials And Methods: A total of 8,528 patients were consecutively provided with 39,077 implants in 10,719 implant operations during a 27-year period (1986-2012) at one specialist clinic.

Evaluation of bone healing on sandblasted and Acid etched implants coated with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite: an in vivo study in rabbit femur.

This study aimed at investigating if a coating of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals would enhance bone healing over time in trabecular bone. Sandblasted and acid etched titanium implants with and without a submicron thick coat of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (nano-HA) were implanted in rabbit femur with healing times of 2, 4, and 9 weeks. Removal torque analyses and histological evaluations were performed.

Laminin Coating Promotes Calcium Phosphate Precipitation on Titanium Discs in vitro.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a laminin coating on calcium phosphate precipitation on three potentially bioactive titanium surfaces in simulated body fluid.

Material And Methods: Blasted titanium discs were prepared by alkali and heat treatment (AH), anodic oxidation (AO) or hydroxyapatite coating (HA) and subsequently coated with laminin. A laminin coated blasted surface (B) served as a positive control while a blasted non coated (B-) served as a negative control.

Early interactions between leukocytes and three different potentially bioactive titanium surface modifications.

The aim of the present study was to compare the early interactions between leukocytes and three different surface modifications, suggested as bioactive. Blasted titanium discs were modified by alkali and heat treatment, sodium fluoride treatment, or hydroxyapatite coating. A number of these discs were also immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for a week, a treatment which yielded high levels of calcium and phosphate on each surface type.

Onlay and inlay bone grafts with platelet-rich plasma: histologic evaluations from human biopsies.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to histomorphometrically evaluate biopsies from 1) sinus inlay bone grafts prepared with or without platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and 2) onlay bone grafts in the anterior maxilla with particulate bone and PRP or block bone without PRP after 3 months.

Materials And Methods: Biopsies were retrieved with a trephine drill, and samples were processed in laboratories to result in nondecalcified cut and ground sections. Light microscopic measurements of total bone area, new bone, number of vessels, and vessel area were performed at 3 regions in each sample.

In vitro Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate Precipitation on Possibly Bioactive Titanium Surfaces in the Presence of Laminin.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate calcium phosphate precipitation and the amount of precipitated protein on three potentially bioactive surfaces when adding laminin in simulated body fluid.

Material And Methods: BLASTED TITANIUM DISCS WERE PREPARED BY THREE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES CLAIMED TO PROVIDE BIOACTIVITY: alkali and heat treatment (AH), anodic oxidation (AO) or hydroxyapatite coating (HA). A blasted surface incubated in laminin-containing simulated body fuid served as a positive control (B) while a blasted surface incubated in non laminin-containing simulated body fuid served as a negative control (B-).

Importance of Ca(2+) modifications for osseointegration of smooth and moderately rough anodized titanium implants - a removal torque and histological evaluation in rabbit.

Background: Incorporation of Ca(2+) into the titania of anodized titanium surfaces has been found to enhance osseointegration. It provides a stable surface when the ions are incorporated into the oxide layer during the anodizing process. The Ca(2+) may suggestively be prominent sites for mineral induction, attract proteins, and catalyze intracellular cascades.

Evaluations of bone tissue integration to pure and alloyed titanium implants.

Purpose: This study was performed for comparisons of tissue integration to commercially pure (CP) and titanium-6-aluminum-4 vanadium (Ti-6-Al-4V) implants using various existing three-dimensional biomechanical and two-dimensional histomorphometrical techniques, and to monitor the loosening torque during in vivo removal torque (RTQ) test with a novel unit not used before in a pilot study in rabbits.

Materials And Methods: The implants were topographically characterized and inserted in femurs and tibiae of five rabbits (in total 40 implants, 20 per group). After 16 weeks, the implant integration was biomechanically evaluated by: (1) resonance frequency test, and (2) peak RTQ test and the graph from the monitoring curve.

Bone reaction to nano hydroxyapatite modified titanium implants placed in a gap-healing model.

Nanohydroxyapatite materials show similar chemistry to the bone apatite and depending on the underlying topography and the method of preparation, the nanohydroxyapatite may simulate the specific arrangement of the crystals in bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and other CaP materials have been indicated in cases in which the optimal surgical fit is not achievable during surgery, and the HA surface properties may enhance bone filling of the defect area. In this study, very smooth electropolished titanium implants were used as substrata for nano-HA surface modification and as control.