Ancestry-linked stromal variations impact breast epithelial cell invasion.

Breast cancer is a significant health challenge worldwide, and disproportionately affects women of African ancestry (AA) who experience higher mortality rates relative to other racial/ethnic groups. Several studies have pointed to biological factors that affect breast cancer outcomes. A recently discovered stromal cell population that expresses P ROCR, Z EB1 and P DGFRα (PZP cells) was found to be enriched in normal healthy breast tissue from AA donors, and only in tumor adjacent tissues from donors of European ancestry (EA).

Applying Health Systems Science Competencies to Contribute to the COVID-19 Pandemic Response.

In the first quarter of 2020, nearly all U.S. medical schools transitioned to virtual instruction and removed medical students from clinical settings because of the emerging COVID-19 pandemic.

Sleep Disruption Impairs Sustained Attention in Food-Restricted Rats Using a Food-Reinforced Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test.

Purpose: Sleep disruption (SD) impairs sustained attention, and impairment is quantified with the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) in humans. In rats, food restriction attenuates SD's effects on sustained attention, limiting translation of rodent vigilance tests. The goal of the current study was to determine if a rodent PVT (rPVT) requiring high baseline performance using food restriction and reinforcement is sensitive to the effects of SD.

Treating Benign Ovarian Lesions in the Pediatric Population: A Single Institution's Retrospective Investigation of Laparoscopy Versus Open Repair.

Benign ovarian lesions in the pediatric population have variable risk of recurrence or development of metachronous lesions, leading to variations in operative approach. Our study compares outcomes with differing surgical approaches to better elucidate risk of recurrent or metachronous lesions, time to development of these lesions, and hospital length of stay to determine if one operative approach has superior outcomes. We retrospectively examined data from Indiana University Health facilities from 2002 to 2020.

Maintaining Community During Disruption: Lessons From the Accelerating Change in Medical Education Consortium.

When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged early in 2020, the American Medical Association's (AMA) Accelerating Change in Medical Education Consortium focused on maintaining its community of 37 medical schools and 11 graduate medical education projects along with the core substance of its work. The initial response was to cancel events and reduce the workload of consortium members, but it quickly became clear that the consortium needed additional strategies. The constituents needed resources, support, and community.

Easing the Entry of Qualified International Medical Graduates to U.S. Medical Practice.

Almost one quarter of physicians and physicians-in-training in the United States are international medical graduates (IMGs), meaning they have graduated from a medical school not accredited in the United States. Some IMGs are U.S.

Supporting Medical Education Innovation: Evaluation of a Grants Initiative.

Problem: Medical education must evolve to meet the changing needs of patients and communities. Innovation is a critical component of that evolution. As medical educators pursue innovative curricula, assessments, and evaluation techniques, the impact of innovations may be limited by minimal funding.

Beyond Training the Next Generation of Physicians: The Unmeasured Value Added by Residents to Teaching Hospitals and Communities.

Following medical school, most newly graduated physicians enter residency training. This period of graduate medical education (GME) is critical to creating a physician workforce with the specialized skills needed to care for the population. Completing GME training is also a requirement for obtaining medical licensure in all 50 states.

The Interaction of Obesity and Reproductive Function in Adolescents.

Obesity is increasing worldwide, including in pediatrics. Adequate nutrition is required for initiation of menses, and there is a clear secular trend toward earlier pubertal onset and menarche in females in countries around the globe. Similar findings of earlier pubertal start are suggested in males.

Fertility Counseling Practices for Patients with Turner Syndrome in Pediatric Endocrine Clinics: Results of a Pediatric Endocrine Society Survey.

Introduction: Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with a high risk of primary ovarian insufficiency. Current guidelines recommend early fertility counseling for affected youth and their families. This study assessed clinical providers' (MD, NP, or PA) fertility counseling practices for girls with TS.

Triple Challenge: How Medical Students May Solve 3 Long-Standing Problems Bedeviling Health Systems and Medical Education.

Medical education and the health system must address challenges that, despite significant effort, seem unsolvable. Health systems science (HSS)-the fundamental understanding of how care is delivered, how health professionals work together to deliver that care, and how the health system can improve patient care and health care delivery-is increasingly being recognized as a potential source of solutions to these challenges. In this article, the authors review the 43 abstracts submitted to the American Medical Association Accelerating Change in Medical Education 2018 Health Systems Science Student Impact Competition that aligned with the goals of HSS.

The Accelerating Change in Medical Education Consortium: Key Drivers of Transformative Change.

The American Medical Association's (AMA's) Accelerating Change in Medical Education (ACE) initiative, launched in 2013 to foster advancements in undergraduate medical education, has led to the development and scaling of innovations influencing the full continuum of medical training. Initial grants of $1 million were awarded to 11 U.S.

Adaptive weighting of taste and odor cues during flavor choice.

Colloquially referred to as "taste," flavor is in reality a thoroughly multisensory experience. Yet, a mechanistic understanding of the multisensory computations underlying flavor perception and food choice is lacking. Here, we used a multisensory flavor choice task in rats to test specific predictions of the statistically optimal integration framework, which has previously yielded much insight into cue integration in other multisensory systems.

Ensuring the Availability of Clinical Clerkships at U.S. Hospitals: A Tale of 2 States.

U.S. medical schools are facing growing competition for limited clinical training resources, notably slots for the core clerkships that students most often complete in the third year of their undergraduate medical education.

Multisensory interactions underlying flavor consumption in rats: the role of experience and unisensory component liking.

The mechanisms by which taste and odor are combined in determining food choice behavior are poorly understood. Previous work in human subjects has yielded mixed results, potentially due to differences in task context across studies, and a lack of control over flavor experience. Here, we used rats as a model system to systematically investigate the role of experience and unisensory component liking in the multisensory interactions underlying consumption behavior.

The American Medical Association Medical Education Innovation Challenge: Incorporating the Student Voice Into Medical Education Transformation.

Problem: Medical education needs to evolve to continue producing physicians who are able to meet the needs of diverse patient populations. Students can be a unique source of ideas about medical education transformation.

Approach: In the fall of 2015, the authors created the American Medical Association Medical Education Innovation Challenge, an incentive-based competition for teams of two to four students.

Proteomic analysis of pancreatic cancer stem cells: Functional role of fatty acid synthesis and mevalonate pathways.

Unlabelled: Recently, we have shown that the secretome of pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) is characterized by proteins that participate in cancer differentiation, invasion, and metastasis. However, the differentially expressed intracellular proteins that lead to the specific characteristics of pancreatic CSCs have not yet been identified, and as a consequence the deranged metabolic pathways are yet to be elucidated. To identify the modulated proteins of pancreatic CSCs, iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was performed to compare the proteome of Panc1 CSCs and Panc1 parental cells, identifying 230 modulated proteins.

Hornblendite delineates zones of mass transfer through the lower crust.

Geochemical signatures throughout the layered Earth require significant mass transfer through the lower crust, yet geological pathways are under-recognized. Elongate bodies of basic to ultrabasic rocks are ubiquitous in exposures of the lower crust. Ultrabasic hornblendite bodies hosted within granulite facies gabbroic gneiss of the Pembroke Valley, Fiordland, New Zealand, are typical occurrences usually reported as igneous cumulate hornblendite.

Secretome protein signature of human pancreatic cancer stem-like cells.

Unlabelled: Emerging research has demonstrated that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contains a sub-population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) characterized by self-renewal, anchorage-independent-growth, long-term proliferation and chemoresistance. The secretome analysis of pancreatic CSCs has not yet been performed, although it may provide insight into tumour/microenvironment interactions and intracellular processes, as well as to identify potential biomarkers. To characterize the secreted proteins of pancreatic CSCs, we performed an iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis to compare the secretomes of Panc1 cancer stem-like cells (Panc1 CSCs) and parental cell line.