Does an early post traumatic knee brace reduce the incidence of knee rotational instability?

Purpose: Several anterolateral stabilization procedures have been developed recently to address rotational instability of the knee. Currently, these procedures tend to be systematically used by some practitioners. However, antero-lateral structures of the knee (including the anterolateral ligament, ALL) have a self-healing potential which can reduce the need to perform an antero-lateral procedure.

Rehabilitation and return to sports after isolated meniscal repairs: a new evidence-based protocol.

Purpose: Despite many protocols that have been proposed, there's no consensus in the literature regarding the optimal rehabilitation program and return to sports (RTS) protocol following isolated meniscal repair. The aim of this current concept review is to look at the evidence of rehabilitation and RTS program after isolated meniscal repair, focusing on general and specific protocols per type of injury trying to give some guidelines based on the current state of knowledge.

Methods: A narrative literature review was performed searching PubMed database to identify relevant articles from January 1985 to October 2021 on rehabilitation and RTS after isolated meniscal repair.

[Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in women].

Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a frequent injury, and it affects women more often than men. The increased incidence in females was attributed to biological, anatomical, and mechanical differences when compared to males' counterparts. Hormones, menstrual cycle, and genetic factors are also implicated.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadriceps tendon autograft is a viable option for small-statured female patients.

Purpose: The choice of graft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains controversial. The quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft is a good alternative for ACL reconstruction. However, concerns regarding its use in short-statured patients, related to donor site morbidity, anterior knee pain, or loss of muscle strength remain.

[Classification and treatment of modern traumatic meniscal tears].

The menisci have several important biomechanical functions. Traumatic meniscal injuries present a wide spectrum of presentation and several types of lesions. They can concern the body of the meniscus and its fixation.

An isolated Posterolateral corner injury with rotational instability and hypermobile lateral meniscus: a novel entity.

Purpose: Although complete tear of the knee posterolateral corner (PLC) commonly occurs in combination with other knee ligamentous injuries, the incidence of isolated PLC injury was reported only 28% and overlooked in many cases. Nevertheless, an isolated PLC injury does not only provoke posterolateral instability, but also may be associated to hypermobile lateral meniscus. This study aims at showing the characteristics of isolated PLC injuries and to alert potential overlooked cases by describing their arthroscopic findings and clinical characteristics.

In vivo static and dynamic lengthening measurements of the posterior cruciate ligament at high knee flexion angles.

Purpose: Rehabilitation is an important aspect of both non-operative and operative treatments of knee ligament tear. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) non-operative treatment consists of a step-by-step rehabilitation protocol and is well described. It goes from rest (phase I) to strengthening exercises (phase IV).

Multi-body optimization with subject-specific knee models: performance at high knee flexion angles.

When estimating knee kinematics from skin markers and stereophotogrammetry, multi-body optimization (MBO) has provided promising results for reducing soft tissue artefacts (STA), but can still be improved. The goal of this study was to assess the performance of MBO with subject-specific knee models at high knee flexion angles (up to 110°) against knee joint kinematics measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Eight subjects were recruited.

[Sport-related concussion].

Sport-related concussion is a frequent and complex pathology whose physiopathological mechanisms are not completely understood yet. A recent consensus statement has been published with the objective to provide practicioners with an overview of literature and give some guidelines based on the current state of knowledge. An 11R approach (Recognise, Remove, Re-evaluate, Rest, Rehabilitation, Refer, Recover, Return to sport, Reconsider, Residual effects and sequelae, Risk reduction) is proposed to evaluate and manage sport-related concussion.

[Current treatment strategy of meniscal lesions in athletes].

The primary goal of meniscal treatment in elite athletes is to guarantee knee function for sports performance and to prevent osteoarthritic changes. The meniscus acts not only as cushion in the femorotibial joint but also as a major secondary stabilizer with its posterior medial and lateral horns. Therefore, the integrity of the meniscal tissue is crucial for knee function and needs to be preserved, especially when the meniscal lesion is found in the periphery (vascularized zone).

Is Quadriceps Tendon Autograft a Better Choice Than Hamstring Autograft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? A Comparative Study With a Mean Follow-up of 3.6 Years.

Background: The quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft is known as an effective graft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and shows a similar functional outcome to the bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) in randomized controlled trials, with a lesser incidence of complications. Up until now, only 2 studies have compared QT to hamstring tendon (HT) autograft.

Hypothesis: The functional outcomes of the QT technique are at least as good as those of the HT technique, with the same morbidity.

[Unicompartmental knee replacement].

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKA) have been created to treat primary unicompartmental knee arthritis. They are indicated in case of lower-limb deformity due to unicompartmental arthritis, but not to treat unicompartmental arthritis due to extra-articular deformity. Early failures are do to ligamentar problems or to surgical technical errors.

[Rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair: developments and recommendations].

Rehabilitation post surgical repair of the rotator cuff is an important determinant of the quality of the healing process, and of the clinical and functional results. Techniques used have been reported to favor certain of those parameters at the expense of others. Several approaches have been proposed; none has reached a consensus yet.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Osteoarthritis: Evidence from Long-Term Follow-Up and Potential Solutions.

Objective: The goals of this study are to address several questions, the answers to which are key to the understanding and eventually to the prevention of this frequent source of morbidity. These questions include the following: (1) What is the natural history of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency? (2) How important is the status of the meniscus at the time of reconstruction? (3) Does ACL reconstruction prevent the development of osteoarthritis in the long term? (4) Can we predict which patients will develop osteoarthritis? (5) What can be done?

Design: This study addresses the key questions above through the long-term follow-up of a cohort of patients treated with ACL reconstruction by Professor Henri Dejour in Lyon, France, supplemented with a review of the relevant literature.

Results: The prevalence of osteoarthritis in ACL-deficient knees is about 40% after 15 years and close to 90% after 25 to 35 years.

Correlation of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in hips of elite female ballet dancers.

Purpose: To understand why professional female ballet dancers often complain of inguinal pain and experience early hip osteoarthritis (OA). Goals were to examine clinical and advanced imaging findings in the hips of dancers compared with those in a matched cohort of nondancers and to assess the femoral head translation in the forward split position using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Twenty professional female ballet dancers and 14 active healthy female individuals matched for age (control group) completed a questionnaire on hip pain and underwent hip examination with impingement tests and measurement of passive hip range of motion (ROM).

Total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy: a comparison of opening and closing wedge osteotomy.

Purpose: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is frequently used to treat varus osteoarthritis in younger patients with the goal of delaying the need for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While it has been reported that the results of TKA following HTO are worse than those in patients without prior knee surgery, the influence of osteotomy technique (medial opening-wedge versus lateral closing-wedge) has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of HTO technique on the performance and results of TKA.

Extreme hip motion in professional ballet dancers: dynamic and morphological evaluation based on magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) of the cam or pincer type based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a group of adult female professional ballet dancers, and to quantify, in vivo, the range of motion (ROM) and congruence of the hip joint in the splits position.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval and informed consent from each volunteer were obtained. Thirty symptomatic or asymptomatic adult female professional ballet dancers (59 hips) and 14 asymptomatic non-dancer adult women (28 hips, control group) were included in the present study.

ACL reconstruction and extra-articular tenodesis.

The purpose of this article is to update the orthopedic community on the role of lateral extra-articular tenodesis in the management of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. Information includes historical perspective, current applications and techniques, and a review of published outcomes.

Double incision iso-anatomical ACL reconstruction: the freedom to place the femoral tunnel within the anatomical attachment site without exception.

Aim: The present paper describes the rationale behind the surgical technique and the clinical results of the iso-anatomical, single bundle bone patellar-tendon bone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Method: Using a second incision on the distal lateral femur an outside-in femoral tunnel is drilled. Guided by a special aiming device it is possible to place the femoral tunnel in the centre of the ACL footprint in every single case.

Noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy treated with gastrocnemius lengthening.

Background: Surgery is frequently considered an option for refractory, symptomatic noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy. Gastrocnemius equinus can result in mechanical overload of the Achilles tendon and may be a factor in its etiology. Our hypothesis was that reducing load transmission to the Achilles tendon by gastrocnemius lengthening (Strayer procedure) may be an effective treatment.

Assessment of congruence and impingement of the hip joint in professional ballet dancers: a motion capture study.

Background: Early hip osteoarthritis in dancers could be explained by femoroacetabular impingements. However, there is a lack of validated noninvasive methods and dynamic studies to ascertain impingement during motion. Moreover, it is unknown whether the femoral head and acetabulum are congruent in typical dancing positions.

[Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: indications and techniques].

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a key structure for the knee joint stability and is frequently injured. Patients can be classified as "low-risk" or "high-risk" to have subsequent knee instability or meniscal injuries. This risk is based on the pre-injury level of sports participation and on the initial knee stability.