Non-infective supraglottitis: two cases of unusual aetiology.

Supraglottitis is an ear, nose and throat emergency where swelling of the laryngeal structures can threaten to fatally obstruct the airway. Most cases of supraglottitis are of infective origin but other rarer causes have been documented. We present two patients who presented with stridor and were found to have supraglottic oedema on fibreoptic nasolaryngoscopy.

Osteoma arising from the middle turbinate-a case series.

This case series aims to highlight that although extremely rare, osteoma can arise from the middle turbinate. We discuss the condition and treatment options. We describe 2 cases of osteomas arising from the middle turbinate.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis causing subglottic stenosis-two cases and their management.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is characterised by vasculitis of small and medium sized blood vessels and granulomatous lesions of the respiratory tract. The aetiology is unclear, however it is thought to be due to an autoimmune process with about 92% of patients with the disease being antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) positive. Patients normally present in early adulthood, more commonly in the winter months.

Loss of substance P and inflammation precede delayed neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra after cerebral ischemia.

Focal cerebral ischemia leads to delayed neurodegeneration in remote brain regions. The substantia nigra (SN) does not normally show primary neuronal death after ischemic events affecting the striatum, but can exhibit delayed neuronal loss after the ischemic injury through mechanisms that are unknown. No data are available in mice showing acute post-stroke inflammation and remote injury in the SN.