Impact of physical activity during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment.

Objectives: To investigate prospectively the impact of physical activity during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment, considering relevant confounding factors, physical activity intensity and the trimester of pregnancy in which it is performed.

Methods: Prospective follow-up study of 791 pregnant women from the first trimester of pregnancy to 40 days postpartum. Three intensity levels of physical activity were assessed in each trimester of pregnancy by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

[Characterization, epidemiology and trends of eating disorders].

Background: eating disorders are a group of conditions in which negative beliefs about food, body shape, and body weight together with behaviors such as restricted food intake, binge eating, excessive exercise, self-induced vomiting, and use of laxatives. They can become serious, affect quality of life, and lead to multiple physical and even psychiatric complications with a fatal outcome. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the characteristics, epidemiology, and trends of eating disorders with updated information based on the most recent publications.

[Prevention of eating disorders in primary education].

Eating disorders are infrequent in school age, being predominant in the female sex. The main predictive factors at this age are similar to those of other age groups, the influence of body changes being particularly important, especially in girls. Despite preventive programs in this age group are scarce, those focused mainly on the acceptance of body image, internalization of the ideal of appearance and media literacy have shown some effectiveness.

[Risk factors and prevention strategies in eating disorders].

Scientific evidence supports an interactive model of biopsychosocial influences on the etiology of eating disorders. New genome-wide association studies suggest underlying metabolic dysregulation in anorexia nervosa. Among the psychological factors, body dissatisfaction (IC) is the most consistent predictor, mainly in females.

Vitamin D deficiency in primary health care users at risk in Spain.

Background and objectives: despite long hours of sunlight in Spain, vitamin D deficiency has been rising of late. We aimed to describe vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in at-risk patients in La Rioja, a region in northern Spain. Methods: a retrospective, cross-sectional study involving 21,490 patients (74.

Are there anthropometric and body composition differences between children with autism spectrum disorder and children with typical development? Analysis by age and spectrum severity in a school population.

This study makes a comparison between the growth status of pre-school and school-age children with autism spectrum disorder and typical development children. Pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder were taller than children with typical development. School-age children with autism spectrum disorder were more overweight/obese, had more body fat and a greater waist circumference and waist/height ratio than children with typical development.

Association between serum ferritin and acute coronary heart disease: A population-based cohort study.

Background And Aims: Several studies aiming to determine the association between iron stores and coronary heart disease (CHD) have reported conflicting results. None of them has been performed in a Mediterranean region. Our aim is to assess the association between the level of serum ferritin and the incidence of CHD in a Mediterranean region.

A clinical trial to evaluate the effect of the Mediterranean diet on smokers lung function.

Data on the association between lung function and some dietary patterns have been published. However, it is not yet well known if whether the Mediterranean Diet (MD) pattern can preserve or improve lung function. Our purpose is to evaluate the effect of increased MD adherence on lung function in smokers.

[Validation of a short food frequency questionnaire in small children].

Introduction: validated food frequency questionnaires in children are scarce, mostly long, and only provide data about food consumption. Objectives: the aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a short food frequency questionnaire that estimates energy, nutritional intake, and the frequency of food consumption in children aged between 3 and 6 years. Material and methods: in 49 children (57% boys), the reproducibility and validity of a frequency questionnaire with 41 items was assessed using Spearman's and intraclass correlations, both adjusted and not adjusted for energy.

Differences in food consumption and nutritional intake between children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing children: A meta-analysis.

Children with autism spectrum disorders show higher food selectivity, which restricts consumption of some foods and may cause nutritional deficiencies. The aims of this meta-analysis are to determine the overall differences in nutritional intake and food consumption between children with autism spectrum disorder and control (typical development) children, as well as determine the extent to which the nutritional intake and food consumption of autistic children comply with the dietary recommendations. Children with autism spectrum disorder consume less protein (standardized mean difference = -0.

Prevalence of DSM-5 depressive disorders and comorbidity in Spanish early adolescents: Has there been an increase in the last 20 years?

The aim of the study was to investigate the current prevalence of DSM-5 Depressive Disorders (DD) among Spanish school children and compare it with data obtained 20 years ago from the same place. We assessed comorbidity, severity and sociodemographic related factors. With a double-phase design, a sample of 1514 students participated in the 1st phase and 562 students (175 at risk of depression) were assessed in the 2nd phase with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Kids.

Implementation of the DP-TRANSFERS project in Catalonia: A translational method to improve diabetes screening and prevention in primary care.

Background: The DE-PLAN-CAT project (Diabetes in Europe-Prevention using lifestyle, physical activity and nutritional intervention-Catalonia) has shown that an intensive lifestyle intervention is feasible in the primary care setting and substantially reduces the incidence of diabetes among high-risk Mediterranean participants. The DP-TRANSFERS project (Diabetes Prevention-Transferring findings from European research to society) is a large-scale national programme aimed at implementing this intervention in primary care centres whenever feasible.

Methods: A multidisciplinary committee first evaluated the programme in health professionals and then participants without diabetes aged 45-75 years identified as being at risk of developing diabetes: FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score)>11 and/or pre-diabetes diagnosis.

[Dietary guidelines for the Spanish population (SENC, December 2016); the new graphic icon of healthy nutrition].

Objective: The Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) designed in 1994 a food guide for the Spanish population, updated in 2001. This report presents a new updated edition based on the best scientifi c evidence available. Methods: From a health in all policies approach, a group of experts in nutrition and public health associated with SENC was convened to review the evidence on diet-health, nutrition intake and food consumption in the Spanish population, as well as food preparation and consumption habits, determinants and impact of diet on environmental sustainability.

[Dietary Guidelines for the Spanish population (SENC, diciembre 2016); the new graphic icon of healthy food].

Objective: The Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) designed in 1994 a food guide for the Spanish population, updated in 2001. This report presents a new updated edition based on the best scientific evidence available. Methods: From a health in all policies approach, a group of experts in nutrition and public health associated with SENC was convened to review the evidence on diet-health, nutrition intake and food consumption in the Spanish population, as well as food preparation and consumption habits, determinants and impact of diet on environmental sustainability.

Dietary patterns are associated with lung function among Spanish smokers without respiratory disease.

Background: Diet can help preserve lung function in smokers, in addition to avoidance of smoking. The study aimed to evaluate associations between dietary patterns and lung function in smokers without respiratory disease.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed baseline data from randomised representative smokers without respiratory disease (n = 207, aged 35-70 years), selected from 20 primary health-care centres.

Effects of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Infant Language Development: A Cohort Follow Up Study.

Objectives To study the longitudinal effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on cognitive development, taking into consideration prenatal and postnatal second-hand smoke exposure. Methods A cohort follow up study was carried out. One hundred and fifty-eight pregnant women and their infants were followed during pregnancy and infant development (at 6, 12, 30 months).

Effects of mediterranean diet on lung function in smokers: a randomised, parallel and controlled protocol.

Background: There is evidence of an association between pulmonary function and various nutrients, although no association has been observed in our setting between the Mediterranean Diet (MD) eating pattern and improved lung function. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of an intervention designed to increase MD adherence on lung function in smokers with no previous respiratory disease.

Methods/design: Randomized, controlled, parallel clinical trial.

Association between serum ferritin and osteocalcin as a potential mechanism explaining the iron-induced insulin resistance.

Background: Increased iron stores are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, however, the mechanisms underlying these associations are poorly understood. Because a reduction of circulating osteocalcin levels after iron overload have been demonstrated in cell cultures, and osteocalcin is related to glucose and insulin metabolism, the iron-induced osteocalcin reductions could contribute to explain the role of iron metabolism in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To analyzed the associations between serum total and uncarboxylated osteocalcin and adiponectin concentrations with serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in elderly subjects.

A longitudinal study on the effects of maternal smoking and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy on neonatal neurobehavior.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is one of the most modifiable causes of morbidity and mortality for both pregnant women and their fetuses. The long-term effects of prenatal exposure to smoke on child behavior and development have been the subject of more extensive research than have the short-term effects. Therefore, the aim of this work is to examine the effects of smoke exposure during pregnancy on neonatal behavior, including in our study a group of mothers exposed to secondhand smoke.

Relation between positive and negative maternal emotional states and obstetrical outcomes.

The objective of this research was to study whether positive and negative maternal emotional states were related to obstetrical outcomes in 205 women who participated in a study conducted between 2004 and 2007 in the Sant Joan University Hospital of Reus, Spain. Maternal anxiety and positive emotional states were assessed using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. The obstetrical outcomes of interest were gestational age at birth, birth weight, and mode of delivery.

[Moroccan population perception of the Catalonian health system. Beliefs on health and disease].

Objective: To describe the perception that the Moroccan population have of the Catalonian Health System.

Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study.

Setting: Social Institutions and the general Moroccan population in the city of Reus, Spain.

[Mediterranean Diet and the sea: fishes].

The excellent quality of the Mediterranean Diet, apart from other products, is associated to a high consumption of fish. Epidemiological studies have shown over time certain beneficial effects of fish consumption in the prevention of chronic diseases. The specific components found in fish, the long chain omega 3 eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic fatty acids, have been identified as the principle elements responsible for this protective effect in Mediterranean populations.