Walking economy and exercise efficiency in successful weight loss maintainers.

Purpose: Following short-term weight loss, the energetic cost of transport decreases and exercise efficiency increases. Whether changes persist during long-term weight maintenance is unknown.

Methods: We compared walking economy and exercise efficiency in weight loss maintainers (WLM, maintaining ≥13.

Improving quality control procedures for the measurement of total daily energy expenditure using the two-point doubly labeled water method.

Rationale: The precision of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method is determined by the precision and accuracy of the isotopic measurements. Quality control (QC) procedures to mitigate sample variability require additional measurements if sample duplicates differ more than a factor of instrument precision. We explored the effect of widening QC ranges on total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) determined using the two-point sampling method.

Obesity.

Obesity is a common condition and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Fortunately, weight loss treatment can reduce obesity-related complications. This review summarizes the evidence-based strategies physicians can employ to identify, prevent, and treat obesity, including best practices to diagnose and counsel patients, to assess and address the burden of weight-related disease including weight stigma, to address secondary causes of weight gain, and to help patients set individualized and realistic weight loss goals and an effective treatment plan.

The effects of early time restricted eating plus daily caloric restriction compared to daily caloric restriction alone on continuous glucose levels.

Background: The median eating duration in the U.S. is 14.

The Microbiome, Epigenome, and Diet in Adults with Obesity during Behavioral Weight Loss.

Obesity has been linked to the gut microbiome, epigenome, and diet, yet these factors have not been studied together during obesity treatment. Our objective was to evaluate associations among gut microbiota (MB), DNA methylation (DNAme), and diet prior to and during a behavioral weight loss intervention. Adults ( = 47, age 40.

A pre-conception clinical trial to reduce intergenerational obesity and diabetes risks: The NDPP-NextGen trial protocol.

Background: Intrauterine exposure to maternal overweight/obesity or diabetes transmits risks to offspring, perpetuating a disease cycle across generations. Prenatal interventions to reduce maternal weight or dysglycemia have limited impact, while postpartum interventions can alter the intrauterine environment only if child-bearing continues. Efficacious preconception interventions are needed, especially for underserved populations, and with the potential to be scaled up sustainably.

High- and normal-protein diets improve body composition and glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.

Objective: Weight loss of ≥10% improves glucose control and may remit type 2 diabetes (T2D). High-protein (HP) diets are commonly used for weight loss, but whether protein sources, especially red meat, impact weight loss-induced T2D management is unknown. This trial compared an HP diet including beef and a normal-protein (NP) diet without red meat for weight loss, body composition changes, and glucose control in individuals with T2D.

Impact of the built, social, and food environment on long-term weight loss within a behavioral weight loss intervention.

Background: Behavioral weight loss interventions can lead to an average weight loss of 5%-10% of initial body weight, however there is wide individual variability in treatment response. Although built, social, and community food environments can have potential direct and indirect influences on body weight (through their influence on physical activity and energy intake), these environmental factors are rarely considered as predictors of variation in weight loss.

Objective: Evaluate the association between built, social, and community food environments and changes in weight, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and dietary intake among adults who completed an 18-month behavioral weight loss intervention.

Altered motivation states for physical activity and 'appetite' for movement as compensatory mechanisms limiting the efficacy of exercise training for weight loss.

Weight loss is a major motive for engaging in exercise, despite substantial evidence that exercise training results in compensatory responses that inhibit significant weight loss. According to the Laws of Thermodynamics and the CICO (Calories in, Calories out) model, increased exercise-induced energy expenditure (EE), in the absence of any compensatory increase in energy intake, should result in an energy deficit leading to reductions of body mass. However, the expected negative energy balance is met with both volitional and non-volitional (metabolic and behavioral) compensatory responses.

Proteomics, dietary intake, and changes in cardiometabolic health within a behavioral weight-loss intervention: A pilot study.

Objective: Identifying associations among circulating proteins, dietary intakes, and clinically relevant indicators of cardiometabolic health during weight loss may elucidate biologically relevant pathways affected by diet, allowing for an incorporation of precision nutrition approaches when designing future interventions. This study hypothesized that plasma proteins would be associated with diet and cardiometabolic health indicators within a behavioral weight-loss intervention.

Methods: This secondary data analysis included participants (n = 20, mean [SD], age: 40.

Creating an algorithm to identify indices of sleep quantity and quality from a wearable armband in adults.

Objective: To develop an algorithm to quantify indices of sleep quantity and quality using the SenseWear armband (SWA) and to compare indices of sleep from this novel algorithm to standard wrist actigraphy (Actiwatch 2; AW2) under free-living conditions.

Material And Methods: Thirty participants (47±10 years; 33.0±4.

Comparison of weight loss induced by daily caloric restriction versus intermittent fasting (DRIFT) in individuals with obesity: study protocol for a 52-week randomized clinical trial.

Background: The standard of care for treating overweight and obesity is daily caloric restriction (DCR). While this approach produces modest weight loss, adherence to DCR declines over time and weight regain is common. Intermittent fasting (IMF) is an alternative dietary strategy for reducing energy intake (EI) that involves >60% energy restriction on 2-3 days per week, or on alternate days, with habitual intake on fed days.

Effect of sleep on weight loss and adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations during an 18-month behavioral weight loss intervention.

Background/objectives: To examine the association between indices of sleep quantity and quality with dietary adherence, physical activity adherence, and weight loss during a behavioral weight loss intervention.

Methods: Adults (n = 156) with overweight and obesity (40 ± 9 years, 84% female, BMI: 34.4 ± 4.

Early time-restricted eating compared with daily caloric restriction: A randomized trial in adults with obesity.

Objective: This trial aimed to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of early time-restricted eating plus daily caloric restriction (E-TRE+DCR) compared with DCR alone within a behavioral weight-loss intervention.

Methods: Participants (n = 81, 69 women, mean [SD] age: 38.0 [7.

The impact of yoga on components of energy balance in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review.

Background: Yoga may reduce body weight in individuals with overweight or obesity, but whether this occurs through decreased energy intake (EI) or increased energy expenditure (EE)/physical activity (PA) is unclear.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsychINFO was conducted from inception until April 26, 2021. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials or single-arm pre-post studies with any type and duration of yoga intervention in adults with overweight or obesity.

Effect of Morning and Evening Exercise on Energy Balance: A Pilot Study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of randomizing adults with overweight and obesity (BMI 25-40 kg/m) to morning (06:00-10:00) or evening (15:00-19:00) aerobic exercise. Participants completed four exercise sessions per week in the morning (AM, = 18) or evening (PM, = 15). The exercise program was 15 weeks and progressed from 70 to 80% heart rate maximum and 750-2000 kcal/week.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight loss in participants in a behavioral weight-loss intervention.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight loss, physical activity, and sleep in adults with overweight or obesity participating in a 39-week weight-loss intervention.

Methods: Participants (n = 81, 85% female, mean [SD] age 38.0 [7.

Weight loss and cystic disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is modified by metabolic defects and obesity. Indeed, reduced food intake slows cyst growth in preclinical rodent studies. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of daily caloric restriction (DCR) and intermittent fasting (IMF) in a cohort of overweight or obese patients with ADPKD.

Motivational profiles and change in physical activity during a weight loss intervention: a secondary data analysis.

Background: High levels of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) are strongly associated with sustained weight loss, however the majority of adults are unsuccessful in maintaining high levels of MVPA long-term. Our goal was to identify profiles based on exercise motives, and examine the association between motivational profile and longitudinal changes in MVPA during a weight loss intervention.

Methods: Adults with overweight or obesity (n = 169, mean ± SE; age 39 ± 0.

Predictors of long-term weight loss trajectories during a behavioral weight loss intervention: An exploratory analysis.

Background: Substantial interindividual variability in response to behavioral weight loss interventions remains a critical challenge in obesity treatment. An improved understanding of the complex factors that contribute to this variability may improve obesity treatment outcomes.

Objective: To identify weight change trajectories during a behavioral weight loss intervention and to explore differences between trajectory groups in sociodemographic, biologic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors.

Improving lifestyle obesity treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: New challenges for weight management.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes to daily life and many health-related behaviors. The objective of this study was to examine how the stay-at-home/safer-at-home mandates issued in Colorado (March 2020-May 2020) impacted lifestyle behaviors and mental health among individuals with overweight or obesity participating in two separate behavioral weight loss trials ( = 82).

Methods: Questionnaires were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data on challenges to weight loss presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, including changes in dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and mental health during the stay-at-home/safer-at-home mandates.

Weight and body composition changes affect resting energy expenditure predictive equations during a 12-month weight-loss intervention.

Objective: Mathematical equations that predict resting energy expenditure (REE) are widely used to derive calorie prescriptions during weight-loss interventions. Although such equations are known to introduce group- and individual-level error into REE prediction, their validity has largely been assessed in weight-stable populations. Therefore, this study sought to characterize how weight change affects the validity of commonly used REE predictive models throughout a 12-month weight-loss intervention.

Temporal patterns of physical activity in successful weight loss maintainers.

Background/objectives: Individuals successful at weight loss maintenance engage in high amounts of physical activity (PA). Understanding how and when weight loss maintainers accumulate PA within a day and across the week may inform PA promotion strategies and recommendations for weight management.

Methods: We compared patterns of PA in a cohort of weight loss maintainers (WLM, n = 28, maintaining ≥13.