Which Side of the Coin Are You on Regarding Possible Postnatal Oogenesis?

It is well known that oocytes are produced during fetal development and that the total number of primary follicles is determined at birth. In humans, there is a constant loss of follicles after birth until about two years of age. The number of follicles is preserved until the resumption of meiosis at puberty and there is no renewal of the oocytes; this dogma was maintained in the last century because there were no suitable techniques to detect and obtain stem cells.

Usefulness of mindfulness for the management of anxiety, stress, and quality of life in infertile women. A clinical exploratory study.

Background: Infertility increases stress and affects life quality. Mindfulness reduces stress and improves life quality, but its role in infertility remains unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of mindfulness on stress and quality of life of women with infertility.

Obesity and Hyperandrogenemia in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Clinical Implications.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often accompanied with metabolic disturbances attributed to androgen excess and obesity, but the contribution of each has not been defined, and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances is usually not investigated. Ninety-nine women with PCOS and forty-one without PCOS were evaluated. The clinical biomarkers of alterations related to glucose (glucose, insulin, and clamp-derived glucose disposal - ), liver (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase), and endothelium (arginine, asymmetric dymethylarginine, carotid intima-media thickness, and flow-mediated dilation) metabolism were measured; participants were categorized into four groups according to their obesity (OB) and hyperandrogenemia (HA) status as follows: Healthy (no-HA, lean), HA (HA, lean), OB (no-HA, OB), and HAOB (HA, OB).

The role of LCPUFA-ω3 on the obesity-associated hyperandrogenemia of pubertal girls: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Introduction Hyperandrogenism (HA), either clinical or biochemical, is associated with obesity in adolescent girls. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ω3 (LCPUFA-ω3) play protective roles in some obesity-associated morbidities, but their contribution to preventing HA is unclear. Our aim was to examine the potential positive relationships between erythrocyte LCPUFA-ω3, with or without supplementation, and hyperandrogenemia.

[Subtle metabolic alterations in adolescents with obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome].

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of some subtle metabolic alterations in a group of adolescents with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted in a group of adolescents with obesity, and characterized as with or without PCOS according with the Rotterdam Consensus. Medical history, anthropometry, gynecologic pelvic ultrasound (to evaluate ovarian volumes, number of antral follicles and endometrial width), as well as serum glucose, insulin, lipoproteins, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, sexual hormones binding globulin, leptin, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor 1, the free-androgen index, free and available testosterone, and homeostatic model assessment index were calculated.

Longitudinal Analysis of the Interaction Between Obesity and Pregnancy on Iron Homeostasis: Role of Hepcidin.

Background And Aims: When pregnancy occurs in obese women, two opposite mechanisms for iron homeostasis concur: increased need for available iron to support erythropoiesis and decreased iron mobilization from diets and stores due to obesity-related inflammation linked to overexpressed hepcidin. Few studies have examined the role of hepcidin on maternal iron homeostasis in the context of obese pregnancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the combined effect of maternal obesity and pregnancy on hepcidin and maternal iron status while accounting for inflammation and iron supplementation.

[Contraception in women with chronic diseases].

Background: Almost 10% of women in reproductive age had a chronic disease, and contraception is frequently ignored by these patients. The lack of use of contraceptives methods has a higher repercussion in these patients; if pregnant, the risk is increased in morbidity and feto-maternal mortality.

Objectives: to know the contraceptive coverage in women with chronic degenerative diseases, the kind of contraceptive methods and the unsatisfied demand.

[Interactions between markers of endothelial damage (homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine) and antioxidants and B-vitamins in preeclamptic women].

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related pathological condition triggered by an abnormal placentation which produces endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED, in turn, is associated with an increase in homocysteine (hcy) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA); these molecules are also increased when some of the B-vitamins are deficient. It is unclear whether increases in hcy and ADMA during preeclampsia are the result of ED, or the consequence of a B-vitamin deficiency.

Changes in receptivity epithelial cell markers of endometrium after ovarian stimulation treatments: its role during implantation window.

Background: To compare the expression of receptivity markers in epithelial and stromal cells in the endometrium of ovulatory women and infertile with hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction (HPD), untreated or treated with clomiphene citrate (CC), or with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH).

Methods: Twelve control ovulatory and 32 anovulatory women, 22 of whom received ovulation induction with CC (n = 12) or rFSH (n = 10). Endometrial biopsies were obtained during the mid-secretory phase.

[Insulin resistance frecuency in women's with polycystic ovary syndrome using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp].

Objective: To assess IR in PCOS patients, using the HE-clamp as the IR gold standard.

Material And Methods: A transversal design was done. All patients who accepted to participate provided written informed consent.

[Clinical practice guideline. Diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal and perinemopausia].

Post-menopause is the period of life where a deep decline occurs in circulating estrogen levels, inducing the appearance of psycho and somatic symptoms. The classification to understand the chronology of reproductive aging in women (known as STRAW) determines the clinical and endocrine changes contemplating menstrual cycles, symptoms, measurements of FSH, LH, inhibin B, anti-Mullerian hormone , and follicular account. The diagnosis of menopause is established by the absence of menstruation for 12 months or more.

[Functionality and endometrial changes associated with induction ovulation with citrate of clomifene and recombinant FSH in infertile women].

It has been reported that infertility affects approximately 20% of couples in reproductive age around the world. Although many factors involved, ovulatory dysfunction and particularly the hypothalamus pituitary dysfunction are quite common. The first line treatment for these pathologies consists on the administration of inducing ovulation agents such as recombinant gonadotropins and clomiphene citrate which it was obtained high rates of ovulation but not of pregnancy.

[Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia].

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is a common finding within clinical practice in both endocrinology and general practice fields, amongst other specialties. The general practitioner and other specialists must know the indications and serum prolactin determination parameters in order to, once detected, derive the patient for a correct assessment and begin treatment.

Objective: Formulate a clinical practice guideline evidence-based for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia.

PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with improved lipoprotein lipase functioning in adipose tissue of insulin resistant obese women.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism, contributes to metabolic disorders related to insulin action and body weight regulation, and is influenced by inflammation. The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ2 gene seems to influence LPL functioning, but its role in obesity and insulin resistance status, which usually coexist in the clinical setting, has not been explored. Our aim was to analyze the association of obesity and insulin resistance with adipose LPL activity and expression, and the influence of the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism.

[Insulin sensitivity in patients not responding to ovulation induction using clomiphene citrate].

Background: The role of insulin resistance (IR) of infertile patients with chronic anovulation in their therapeutic failure to clomiphene citrate (CC) is not quite clear.

Objective: Determine the sensitivity to insulin in patients with chronic anovulation and failure to the treatment with clomiphene citrate.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional clinical study in infertile patients with clomiphene citrate resistance and in patients with adequate response to clomiphene citrate was carried out.

[Homocysteine after a methionine load in healthy subjects with adequate B-vitamin status].

Background: Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) determination at 6-8 h after an oral methionine load (OML) allows for identification of some, but not all, individuals at risk to develop cardiovascular disease. It is probable that in some cases the Hcy increases occur later, or it elevates between normal ranges but in a sustained manner. However, the entire Hcy response curve has not been described.

[TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein and serum adiponectin modified in infertile patients with insulin resistance].

Background: Women's reproductive potential is closely related to nutritional status. Some of the molecules that participate in ovarian regulation are produced in the adipose tissue, and therefore their production is associated with adiposity.

Objective: To determine serum leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in infertile women with or without insulin resistance; and to associate these molecules with adiposity.

The FTO gene is associated with adulthood obesity in the Mexican population.

Common polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) have shown strong association with obesity in several populations. In the present study, we explored the association of FTO gene polymorphisms with obesity and other biochemical parameters in the Mexican population. We also assessed FTO gene expression levels in adipose tissue of obese and nonobese individuals.

Adhesion molecules changes at 20 gestation weeks in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia.

Objectives: To examine soluble E-selectin, L-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 levels in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies. To determine cut-offs useful for preeclampsia early detection.

Study Design: A cohort of nulliparous women was recruited at family medicine clinics in Mexico City.

Methionine inhibits cellular growth dependent on the p53 status of cells.

Background: Methionine, an essential amino acid, is important for normal growth and development, as it is required for both protein and polyamine synthesis as well as in methylation reactions. It has been reported that high concentrations of methionine inhibit cellular growth and gene expression in the human breast tumor-derived MCF-7 cells. These effects are thought to be mediated by the modulation of p53.

Celecoxib inhibits cellular growth, decreases Ki-67 expression and modifies apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines.

Background: There is controversy on the safety of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase administered at high doses; however, these drugs have been reported to be effective in the prevention of a variety of human cancers. To determine if celecoxib influences cellular growth, we evaluated several effects in ovarian carcinoma cell lines.

Methods: CAOV3, OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of celecoxib (0-100 microM) for 24-96 h.

Ovarian expression of markers associated with proliferation or apoptosis in women with diminished ovarian reserve.

Objective: To determine DNA fragmentation and several molecules associated with apoptosis or proliferation in ovaries of patients with diminished ovarian reserve.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting: Tertiary institutional hospital.

[Serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in infertile patients with ovarian dysfunction].

Background: Some cytokines that take part in the ovarian cycle regulation, such as IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha play an important role during growth and development of ovarian follicle. Quantification of some cytokines is promissory in the work-up of ovarian reproductive pathology.

Objective: To determine serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in infertile patients with ovarian dysfunction and to compare them with those found in ovulatory patients.

Ovarian biopsy in infertile patients with ovarian dysfunction.

Evaluation of ovarian histology is feasible by obtaining ovarian tissue through laparoscopy; however, the role of an ovarian biopsy in an infertility workup is not widely accepted. To gain insight into the role of ovarian biopsy in reproductive medicine, we conducted a cross-sectional study in infertile patients with ovarian dysfunction and correlated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol serum concentrations with ovarian follicular counts. Fifty women were recruited and classified into four groups: premature ovarian failure (POF), chronic anovulation, diminished ovarian reserve, and ovulatory patients (control group).