Aim: To measure the forces applied during distraction of growing-rods in early onset scoliosis (EOS), aimed at developing a motorized elongation device.
Methods: A consecutive series of measurements were carried out to analyze the forces applied by the surgeon during distraction of single growing-rods in 10 patients affected by EOS (mean age 8.3 years; range 6 to 10 years) undergoing the first distraction 6 months following implantation of the rods.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of standard education versus enhanced education in increasing compliance with protective eyewear to prevent ocular injuries in stone-quarry workers.
Design: Pragmatic, allocation concealed, participant and outcome assessor blinded, cluster randomised trial.
Setting: Six stone-quarries around Vellore, Tamil Nadu, South India.
J Heart Valve Dis
November 2006
Background And Aim Of The Study: The study aim was to re-examine the form and function of the cords exclusive to the aortic leaflet of the mitral valve.
Methods: The ventricular surface of the leaflet was exposed by a longitudinal incision between the coronary sinuses of the aorta. The cords exclusive to the leaflet, in between the so-called commissural cords on either side shared with the mural leaflet, were inspected visually in 75 human hearts obtained at autopsy.
In the human heart there is a sequential contraction of the systemic veins, systemic venous sinus and the pectinated right atrium, 'the systemic waltz', and sequential contraction of the pulmonary veins, pulmonary venous sinus and pectinated left atrium, 'the pulmonary waltz'. The systemic veins contract earlier than the pulmonary veins creating a 'duet. We hypothesise that this waltz and duet point to a complex extracardiac control of the cardiac rhythm on a beat-to-beat neural basis.
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