Translation and linguistic validation of the Female Genitourinary Pain Index in Spanish.

Introduction And Hypothesis: We sought to develop a Spanish translation of the Female Genitourinary Pain Index (GUPI) and to validate this instrument in US Latina women.

Methods: Translation back-translation was performed to create the initial Spanish version. Bilingual women with pelvic and/or genitourinary pain were recruited from clinical sites and social media.

Tubal Ligation Induces Quiescence in the Epithelia of the Fallopian Tube Fimbria.

Tubal ligation keeps the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary. Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction.

Stem-like epithelial cells are concentrated in the distal end of the fallopian tube: a site for injury and serous cancer initiation.

The reproductive role of the fallopian tube is to transport the sperm and egg. The tube is positioned to act as a bridge between the ovary where the egg is released and the uterus where implantation occurs. Throughout reproductive years, the fallopian tube epithelium undergoes repetitive damage and regeneration.

Hemiphiltrum rotated flap.

In three patients of different ages, large resections of the philtrum have been repaired by rotating island flaps from the residual philtrum, leaving inconspicuous scars and no contour deformity. The rotated hemiphiltrum flap described here is an easy and safe procedure performed with local anesthesia that may be an effective cosmetic and functional repair of selected difficult surgical defects of the central upper lip involving the philtrum.