A framework for allocating conservation resources among multiple threats and actions.

Land managers decide how to allocate resources among multiple threats that can be addressed through multiple possible actions. Additionally, these actions vary in feasibility, effectiveness, and cost. We sought to provide a way to optimize resource allocation to address multiple threats when multiple management options are available, including mutually exclusive options.

Using numerical plant models and phenotypic correlation space to design achievable ideotypes.

Numerical plant models can predict the outcome of plant traits modifications resulting from genetic variations, on plant performance, by simulating physiological processes and their interaction with the environment. Optimization methods complement those models to design ideotypes, that is, ideal values of a set of plant traits, resulting in optimal adaptation for given combinations of environment and management, mainly through the maximization of performance criteria (e.g.

Optimization of black-box models with uncertain climatic inputs-Application to sunflower ideotype design.

Accounting for the interannual climatic variations is a well-known issue for simulation-based studies of environmental systems. It often requires intensive sampling (e.g.