SARS-CoV-2 immune response and reinfection in vaccinated Maya and mestizo in Southeast of Mexico.

Immune response to pathogens, including coronaviruses, is influenced by HLA haplotypes. 1,2. Maya ethnic group is predominant in Yucatan peninsula, this Amerindian group present allele frequency  HLA-G*01:01:02, HLA-G*01:01:01, HLA-G*01:04:01, HLA-A*68  not found in another Amerindians.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood donors during the third wave of infection in Campeche Mexico.

At the end of 2020 and previous to the second wave of COVID-19 in Mexico, the seroprevalence in unvaccinated people in the state of Campeche, Mexico was below 15 %. The prevalence changes with ongoing pandemic and per geographical areas. Blood donors screening is a powerful and cost-effective alternative to monitor the population's infection exposure.

The wound healing action of a cream latex formulation of Greenm. in a pre-clinical model.

Background And Aim: Greenm. is commonly used to treat mouth blisters and skin rashes, its latex has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity on buccal ulcer. This study aimed to demonstrate the wound healing activity of a cream formulation of Greenm.

Gene expression to contaminated or not contaminated Triatoma dimidiata faeces with Trypanosoma cruzi in vivo and in vitro assay.

Triatoma dimidiata is considered one of the most important vectors in the spread of Chagas disease in Mesoamerica. Hematophagous insects may deposit faeces contaminated or not with Trypanosoma cruzi on the surface of the skin during the feeding process. In endemic areas humans can be in contact several times to this fluid before get infection.

Trypanosoma cruzi: the early contact between insect-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes and the mammalian cells.

Natural transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to human is established when feces of hematophagous triatomines contaminated with insect-derived from metacyclic trypomastigotes get in contact with the skin, conjunctiva or even oral route. Article is aimed at updating the knowledge about the early interaction between insect-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes at the port of entry and the host. There are few works in the literature describing this first contact between host and natural insect-derived metacyclic trypomastigote.

Feces from wild Triatoma dimidiata induces local inflammation and specific immune response in a murine model.

In endemic regions for Triatoma dimidiata the vector for Chagas disease, subjects can be in contact with insect`s feces several times through a lifetime. The triatomine’s digestive tract is colonized by diverse but few dominant genera of microorganisms. The immune responses to microbiota feces are poorly known in mammal hosts.

Serum cytokines and activation ex vivo of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in chagasic chronic Mexican patients.

The clinical manifestations of human Chagas disease are associated with several factors, including immunological alterations, in this regard, many studies propose that tissue damage might be more severe in the absence of immune regulatory mechanisms, other factors are the genetic background of host and parasite. Trypanosoma cruzi population is genetically, biochemistry and pathogenic diverse along the Latin-America continent and phylogenetic ally are divided into six intra-species lineages TcI-VI. The TcI lineage has a wide distribution with heterogeneous virulence and pathogenesis within strains.

Comparative 2-D electrophoresis of salivary proteins in Triatoma dimidiata and Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and major cross-reactive antigens.

An immune response to triatomine’s saliva is an immunological marker of exposure to triatomine bites. However, considerable variability in salivary protein profiles did exist among species. In the present work, we compare salivary proteins from Mexican Triatoma dimidiata and Rhodnius prolixus using 2-D electrophoresis.

A Brief View of the Surface Membrane Proteins from .

is the causal agent of Chagas' disease which affects millions of people around the world mostly in Central and South America. expresses a wide variety of proteins on its surface membrane which has an important role in the biology of these parasites. Surface molecules of the parasites are the result of the environment to which the parasites are exposed during their life cycle.

The Relationship between Parameters of Long-Latency Evoked Potentials in a Multisensory Design.

In previous papers, we have shown that parameters of the omitted stimulus potential (OSP), which occurs at the end of a train of sensory stimuli, strongly depend on the modality. A train of stimuli also produces long-latency evoked potentials (LLEP) at the beginning of the train. This study is an extension of the OSP research, and it tested the relationship between parameters (ie, rate of rise, amplitude, and peak latency) of the P2 waves when trains of auditory, visual, or somatosensory stimuli were applied.

Pre-exposure to faeces or saliva of Triatoma dimidiata decreases parasitemia in mice challenged with Trypanosoma cruzi: a description of the inflammatory reaction at the inoculation site.

Under natural conditions, Trypanosoma cruzi infection is transmitted to mammals when faeces contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigotes gain access through skin lesions, mucosa or bite wounds. Natural infection of bugs with T. cruzi can vary greatly from less than 1% up to 70%, depending on triatomine species: in the case of Triatoma dimidiata, the percentage of infection is around 30%.

Circulation of Tc Ia discrete type unit Trypanosoma cruzi in Yucatan Mexico.

The etiologic agent Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) has been grouped into six discrete type units (DTU I-VI); within DTU-I exists four subgroups defined Ia-Id. In Colombia, the genotype Ia is associated with human infection and domiciliated Rhodnius vector. In the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, the main vector involved in T.

Low seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy in a region with abundance of triatomine vectors in Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.

The Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico is endemic with Chagas disease. The main vector responsible for Trypanosoma cruzi transmission is Triatoma dimidiata which is abundant in domestic, peridomestic and sylvan cycles. The abundance of vectors favours T.

ITS1 PCR-RFLP Diagnosis and Characterization of Leishmania in Clinical Samples and Strains from Cases of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in States of the Mexican Southeast.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis includes a spectrum of clinical forms localized cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis which can be caused by different strains of Leishmania belonging to the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes which may coexist in the same endemic area.

Alcohol effects on the P2 component of auditory evoked potentials.

This is a second part of a research aimed to study the effects of alcohol on the electrophysiological processes in student volunteers. The first part showed that alcohol slowed the Omitted Stimulus Potential (OSP). This work studied the ethanol effects on the parameters (i.

High frequency of human blood in Triatoma dimidiata captured inside dwellings in a rural community in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, but low antibody seroprevalence and electrocardiographic findings compatible with Chagas disease in humans.

We studied a small rural community of 411 inhabitants localized in the state of Campeche in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. In 44 collected triatomines captured inside the houses, human feeding source was revealed in 23 of 44 (52%) samples, and chicken feeding source was revealed in 16 of 44 (36%) samples. In a set of 29 triatomines, mouse was the feeding source in 13 (44%) samples, and dog was the feeding source in 7 (24%) samples.

Decreased intensity of inflammation in benznidazole-treated mice inoculated with Trypanosoma cruzi I stocks from Mexico and persistence of circulating parasites.

We analyzed the intensity of inflammation and parasitism in BALB/c mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi I stocks from Mexico with and without benznidazole treatment in the acute phase of disease. Heart and skeletal muscles were evaluated for parasites and inflammation and blood was evaluated for persistence of circulating parasites. Parasitemia was influenced by T.

Oxygen limitation favors the production of protein with antimicrobial activity in Pseudoalteromonas sp.

This study examined the effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the production of biomass and metabolites with antimicrobial activity of Pseudoalteromonas sp cultured at 0, 150, 250, or 450 revolutions per minute (rev. min(-1)). Dissolved oxygen (D.

[Prevalence of positive serology to Trypanosoma cruzi in patients with clinical diagnosis of dilated myocardiopathy in the state of Campeche].

The prevalence of chronic Chagas' heart disease as a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy is unknown in the State of Campeche, Mexico. A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi in patients with clinical diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Of a total of 127 patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy, we studied 91 with two positive serological tests for T.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction performance using Mexican and Guatemalan discrete typing unit I strains of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Thirteen Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from different geographic regions of Mexico and Guatemala belonging to discrete typing unit (DTU) I and a reference CL-Brener (DTU VI) strain were used to perform enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A panel of 57 Mexican serum samples of patients with chronic chagasic cardiopathy and asymptomatic infected subjects (blood bank donors) were used in this study. DNA from the above 14 T.

Higher seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs than in humans in an urban area of Campeche, Mexico.

The reservoir capacity of dogs for Trypanosoma cruzi infection was analyzed in the city of Campeche, an urban town located in the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. The city is inhabited by ~96,000 dogs and ~168,000 humans; Triatoma dimidiata is the only recognized vector. In the present study, we sampled 262 dogs (148 stray dogs and 114 pet dogs) and 2800 young people (ranging in age between 15 and 20 years old) and tested for T.

Performance levels of four Latin American laboratories for the serodiagnosis of Chagas disease in Mexican sera samples.

In nearly all of the previous multicentre studies evaluating serological tests for Trypanosoma cruzi infection, sera samples from Central or South American countries have been used preferentially. In this work we compared the reliability of the serological tests using Mexican sera samples that were evaluated in four independent laboratories. This included a reference laboratory in Brazil and three participant laboratories, including one in Central America and two in Mexico.

Leukoreduction by centrifugation does not eliminate Trypanosoma cruzi from infected blood units.

Current strategies to prevent transfusion-associated Chagas disease include the identification of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected blood donors through questionnaires and serologic tests. There are other procedures such as leukoreduction that prevent the transmission of infectious agents associated to white cells. The objective of the present work was to estimate the seroprevalence, evaluate the efficacy of leukoreduction by centrifugation to eliminate T.

Altered pattern of connectivity in Chagas disease.

It has been proposed that natural autoreactivity plays a physiological role in the immune system by connecting all these clones (Id/anti-Id) and forming a dense and highly regulated network. In the present work, we analyzed the connectivity pattern in Chagas disease. Serum samples of 20 chronic chagasic cardiopathy (CCC) patients with dilated cardiopathy, 20 infected-asymptomatic subjects (IAS), and 20 healthy seronegative controls (H) were tested.