Early riser specific immune cell response by delayed-type hypersensitivity in a kidney transplant patient vaccinated against COVID-19.

We present a female kidney transplant patient under conventional immunosuppression therapy. Her humoral immunity study (anti-spike-specific antibodies) was negative after the initial regimen and the third dose of vaccination against COVID-19. The specific ex vivo cellular immune study against spike of SARS-CoV-2 by interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) also remained at non-response levels at different time points despite an optimal non-specific cell immune response assessment.

Salmonella Typhi Vaccination Response as a Tool for the Stratification of Risk in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies.

Predominantly antibody deficiencies are the most frequent type of primary immunodeficiency (PID). Diagnosis requires evaluation of the immune function by distinguishing the presence or absence of a response against polysaccharide antigens. serovar Typhi-based vaccines have proved to be a suitable tool.

Allergen immunotherapy, cancer, and immune disorders.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the intriguing relationships between allergies, allergen immunotherapy, cancer, and immune disorders. Allergic diseases and cancer are increasing in incidence and prevalence and a potential relationship, or not, between these diseases have been suggested for many years.

Recent Findings: Recent findings suggest that there may be some causative effects between certain types of cancer and allergic diseases, as described in the text.

Long Term Cell Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccines Assessment Using a Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Cutaneous Test.

Objective: As we progress with mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, there are key questions about the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines that still are not answered. Conventional methods to measure cellular immune responses are complex and expensive in a pandemic situation.

Patients And Methods: Forty healthy healthcare workers accepted to participate during the vaccination schedule with a mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.

Easy approach to detect cell immunity to COVID vaccines in common variable immunodeficiency patients.

Background: Patients with primary antibody deficiencies, such as Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID), have some problems to assess immune response after coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccination. Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) has the potential to be used as a useful, simple, and cheaper tool to assess T-cell (T lymphocyte) function.

Methods: Seventeen patients with CVID, a rare disease, received two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

Precision Medicine in Mite Allergic Rhinitis.

It is well-known that a correct diagnosis is necessary for effective treatment. In the case of allergic rhinitis due to mites, imprecise diagnosis with effective but improvable methods means that in many cases an optimal result is not reached in patients. The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis due to mite sensitization have to require more homogeneously reproducible diagnostic tests that try to encompass many more of the protein antigens contained in them.

A review of hypersensitivity methods to detect immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.

The investigation of the immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the goal of many researchers worldwide. The study of humoral immune responses and T cell production after infection requires the obtaining of individualized blood samples to test the presence of antibodies or activated T cells specific for the virus. T cell studies are especially troublesome due to the need for more specialized resources often outside the daily routine of clinical laboratories.

Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method.

Unlabelled: Previously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals.

Methods: Twenty-five kidney-transplanted recipients were immunized with two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer-BioNTech COVID19 vaccine three weeks apart. Cell-immune response (CIR) was evaluated ten weeks later using an in vivo DTH skin test and in vitro with an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA).

Cancer: Still a contraindication for allergen immunotherapy?: Specific immunotherapy and cancer.

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently more than 100 years old. It is considered an evidence-based efficacious immune therapeutical treatment. It is at this time the only causative treatment for allergic respiratory and venom allergic diseases.

The Beauty of Simplicity: Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reaction to Measure Cellular Immune Responses in RNA-SARS-Cov-2 Vaccinated Individuals.

Background: Monitoring cellular immune responses elicited in vaccinated individuals is highly complicated.

Methods: 28 individuals participated during the vaccination process with 12 BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer) vaccine. Specific anti-RBD IgG using a classic ELISA was performed in days 10 and 20 (after one dose of the vaccine) and on day 35 (after two vaccine doses) in serum samples of all participants.

A novel application of delayed-type hipersensitivity reaction to measure cellular immune response in SARS-CoV-2 exposed individuals.

Objective: To understand the anti-virus adaptive immune response occurring during SARS-Cov-2 infection is necessary to have methods to investigate cellular and humoral components. The goal of this study has been to investigate the utility of a specific spike-DTH test using a coronavirus recombinant protein in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: DTH studies were performed by intradermal injection of a commercial recombinant spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 along with conventional serology studies.

Mite Molecular Profile in the Th2-Polarized Moderate-to-Severe Persistent Asthma Endotype Subjected to High Allergen Exposure.

Background: The association among the IgE responses to prevailing groups of house dust mite (HDM) allergens in the concurrent asthma phenotypes has not been determined.

Objective: The aim of the present study lays on a component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) model to investigate the mite molecular signature in subjects with type-2 inflammation asthma.

Methods: We selected patients showing a clinically relevant sensitization to HDMs with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma.

Evaluation of major mite allergens from European standardized commercial extracts for in vivo diagnosis: addressing the need for precision medicine.

Background: Skin prick testing is the first-line interventional method to diagnose IgE mediated allergic diseases. Methodological differences in manufacturing processes and extract standardization may lead to variations in the reagent quality and potency. The current study evaluates sixteen commercially available and extracts for allergy diagnosis from different European manufacturers regarding allergen composition and content and whether these differences could influence their biological activity.

Microbiome and Allergic Diseases.

Allergic diseases, such as respiratory, cutaneous, and food allergy, have dramatically increased in prevalence over the last few decades. Recent research points to a central role of the microbiome, which is highly influenced by multiple environmental and dietary factors. It is well established that the microbiome can modulate the immune response, from cellular development to organ and tissue formation exerting its effects through multiple interactions with both the innate and acquired branches of the immune system.

Role of Predatory Mites in Persistent Nonoccupational Allergic Rhinitis.

Mites can sensitize and induce atopic disease in predisposed individuals and are an important deteriorating factor in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Although Pyroglyphidae mites have been extensively studied, very scarce reports are available on Cheyletidae spp. especially regarding human respiratory pathology.

Role of specific IgE to β-lactoglobulin in the gastrointestinal phenotype of cow's milk allergy.

Rationale: The prevalence of many phenotypes of food allergy is increasing. Specific gastrointestinal (GI) phenotype of food allergy (GI allergy) is also increasing but it is difficult to know the prevalence because of many entities. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 1 year retrospective study of pediatric patients complaining exclusively gastrointestinal symptoms after cow's milk consumption and at least one positive specific IgE (sIgE) to cow's milk (CM) proteins (CMP) was done (n = 39).

Downregulation of angiogenesis factors, VEGF and PDGF, after rapid IgE desensitization and oral immunotherapy in children with food allergy.

Background: Angiogenesis has a key role in several conditions and is regulated by several factors such as the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The goal of this study was to investigate the possible role of PDGF and VEGF in a group of patients with severe food allergy.

Methods: We design a prospective longitudinal study (n = 30) with patients with persistent cow's milk proteins (CMP) allergy.

Aeroallergen sensitization influences quality of life and comorbidities in patients with nasal polyposis.

Background: Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that impairs quality of life (QoL). The role of atopy in NP is not established. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and QoL in a broad sample of patients with NP and to evaluate the influence of allergy on this disease.