Phase recovery from interferograms under high amplitude vibrations.

A phase recovery procedure using interferograms acquired in highly noisy environments as severe vibrations is described. This method may be implemented when disturbances do not allow obtaining equidistant phase shifts between consecutive interferograms due to tilt-shift and nonlinearity errors introduced by the vibrating conditions. If the amount of the tilt-shift is greater than π radians, it will lead a sign change in the phase estimation.

Measurement of the refractive index by using a rectangular cell with a fs-laser engraved diffraction grating inner wall.

A very simple method to obtain the refractive index of liquids by using a rectangular glass cell and a diffraction grating engraved by fs laser ablation on the inner face of one of the walls of the cell is presented. When a laser beam impinges normally on the diffraction grating, the diffraction orders are deviated when they pass through the cell filled with the liquid to be measured. By measuring the deviation of the diffraction orders, we can determine the refractive index of the liquid.

Phase recovery from a single interferogram with closed fringes by phase unwrapping.

We describe a new algorithm for phase determination from a single interferogram with closed fringes based on an unwrapping procedure. Here we use bandpass filtering in the Fourier domain, obtaining two wrapped phases with sign changes corresponding to the orientation of the applied filters. An unwrapping scheme that corrects the sign ambiguities by comparing the local derivatives is then proposed.

Phase tracking with a spatial synchronous method.

A modified form of a phase tracking method to demodulate a single fringe pattern is presented. Phase values from local areas of the interferogram are recovered by means of a spatial synchronous technique instead of solving the set of nonlinear equations obtained from the implementation of the ordinary algorithm. This results in a significant speed improvement of the method.

Wave-front retrieval from Hartmann test data.

In the classical Hartmann test the wave front is obtained by integration of the transverse aberrations, joining the sampled points by small straight segments, in the so-called Newton integration. This integration is performed along straight lines joining the holes on the Hartmann screen. We propose a modification of this procedure, considering the cells of four holes of the Hartmann screen to fit a small second-power wave front recovering each square.

Keystone aberration correction in overhead projectors.

Keystone distortion that occurs in overhead projectors when the projecting lens head is tilted upward to a high screen is commonly observed. Here we suggest a modification of the typical overhead projector to eliminate this distortion of the image.