An aging, pathology burden, and glial senescence build-up hypothesis for late onset Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) predominantly occurs as a late onset (LOAD) form involving neurodegeneration and cognitive decline with progressive memory loss. Risk factors that include aging promote accumulation of AD pathologies, such as amyloid-beta and tau aggregates, as well as inflammation and oxidative stress. Homeostatic glial states regulate and suppress pathology buildup; inflammatory states exacerbate pathology by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Investigating Microglial Ultrastructural Alterations and Intimate Relationships with Neuronal Stress, Dystrophy, and Degeneration in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease.

In recent decades, microglia have taken the field of neuroscience by storm, with numerous studies identifying key roles for these cells in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The heterogeneity of these cells (e.g.

MR Angiography Series: Neurovascular MR Angiography.

Neurovascular MR angiography (MRA) is an evolving imaging technique and is crucial for the workup of numerous neurologic disorders. While CT angiography (CTA) provides a more rapid imaging assessment, in select patients it can impart a small risk of contrast material-induced nephrotoxicity or radiation-associated cancers. In addition, MRA offers some advantages over CTA for neurovascular evaluation, including higher temporal resolution and the capability for vessel wall imaging.

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Self-Change in Close Relationships: Evidence From Hong Kong Chinese and European Americans.

Three studies examined cultural perceptions of self-change in romantic relationships. In Study 1 ( = 191), Chinese participants perceived hypothetical couples who changed for the sake of the relationship to have better relationship quality than couples who did not, compared to European American participants. In Study 2 ( = 396), Chinese individuals in a dating relationship were more likely to perceive that they had changed in the relationship, and self-change was a stronger predictor of relationship quality for them than for American dating individuals.

Is It Helpful to Believe That Efforts Will Lead to Positive Outcomes? Two Cross-Lagged Panel Investigations among Adolescents and Young Adults.

Over the past few decades, the role of self-views in life satisfaction has been extensively investigated. Recently, growing attention has been directed to the question of whether an optimistic worldview, termed "reward for application", helps boost life satisfaction. Conceptually, the association between reward for application and life satisfaction can be paradoxical.

Going Too Far Is the Same as Falling Short: Kinesin-3 Family Members in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia.

Proper intracellular trafficking is essential for neuronal development and function, and when any aspect of this process is dysregulated, the resulting "transportopathy" causes neurological disorders. Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a family of such diseases attributed to over 80 spastic gait genes (SPG), specifically characterized by lower extremity spasticity and weakness. Multiple genes in the trafficking pathway such as those relating to microtubule structure and function and organelle biogenesis are representative disease loci.

Challenges During Implementation of a Patient-Facing Mobile App for Surgical Rehabilitation: Feasibility Study.

Background: Translating research into practice, especially the implementation of digital health technologies in routine care, is increasingly important. Yet, there are few studies examining the challenges of implementing patient-facing digital technologies in health care settings.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report challenges experienced when implementing mobile apps for patients to support their postsurgical rehabilitation in an orthopedic setting.

Electrotaxis of cardiac progenitor cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells requires serum and is directed via PI3'K pathways.

Background: The limited regenerative capacity of cardiac tissue has long been an obstacle to treating damaged myocardium. Cell-based therapy offers an enormous potential to the current treatment paradigms. However, the efficacy of regenerative therapies remains limited by inefficient delivery and engraftment.

Distinct subcellular mechanisms for the enhancement of the surface membrane expression of SK2 channel by its interacting proteins, α-actinin2 and filamin A.

Key Points: Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that are synthesized within the cells but need to be trafficked to the cell membrane for the channels to function. Small-conductance, Ca -activated K channels (SK, K 2) are unique subclasses of K channels that are regulated by Ca inside the cells; they are expressed in human atrial myocytes and responsible for shaping atrial action potentials. We have previously shown that interacting proteins of SK2 channels are important for channel trafficking to the membrane.

Molecular Mechanisms and New Treatment Paradigm for Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Atrial fibrillation represents the most common arrhythmia leading to increased morbidity and mortality, yet, current treatment strategies have proven inadequate. Conventional treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs carries a high risk for proarrhythmias. The soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of anti-inflammatory epoxy fatty acids, including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids from arachidonic acid to the corresponding proinflammatory diols.

Conceptualizing psychological processes in response to globalization: Components, antecedents, and consequences of global orientations.

The influences of globalization have permeated various aspects of life in contemporary society, from technical innovations, economic development, and lifestyles, to communication patterns. The present research proposed a construct termed global orientation to denote individual differences in the psychological processes of acculturating to the globalizing world. It encompasses multicultural acquisition as a proactive response and ethnic protection as a defensive response to globalization.

Feedback mechanisms for cardiac-specific microRNAs and cAMP signaling in electrical remodeling.

Background: Loss of transient outward K(+) current (Ito) is well documented in cardiac hypertrophy and failure both in animal models and in humans. Electrical remodeling contributes to prolonged action potential duration and increased incidence of arrhythmias. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence linking microRNA (miR) dysregulation to the progression of both conditions.

Critical roles of a small conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channel (SK3) in the repolarization process of atrial myocytes.

Aims: Small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (K(Ca)2 or SK channels) have been reported in excitable cells, where they aid in integrating changes in intracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(i)²⁺) with membrane potentials. We have recently reported the functional expression of SK channels in human and mouse cardiac myocytes. Additionally, we have found that the channel is highly expressed in atria compared with the ventricular myocytes.

Trial history biases the spatial programming of antisaccades.

The historical context in which saccades are made influences their latency and error rates, but less is known about how context influences their spatial parameters. We recently described a novel spatial bias for antisaccades, in which the endpoints of these responses deviate towards alternative goal locations used in the same experimental block, and showed that expectancy (prior probability) is at least partly responsible for this 'alternate-goal bias'. In this report we asked whether trial history also plays a role.

A survey of vitamin D level in people with learning disability in long-stay hospital wards in Hong Kong.

Serum vitamin D level was measured in 122 patients with learning disabilities in long-term care wards. Such people are at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency. Low vitamin D is often attributed to lack of sunshine, poor dietary intake and the deleterious effect of anticonvulsant therapy.

[(Cyclen)(4)Ru(4)(pz)(4)](9+): a Creutz-Taube square.

The use of cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) as a blocking ligand enables assembly of the mixed-valence square complex [(cyclen)4Ru4(pz)4]9+ (pz = pyrazine). A crystal structure determination shows the molecule to possess a regular square geometry wherein each Ru atom has an equivalent coordination environment. Consistent with the presence of one RuIII and three RuII centers, cyclic voltammetry reveals a single reversible reduction wave and three successive oxidation waves.